MOnday, march 31, 2008 , chaitra 17, rabiul awal 22, 1428 a.h

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Leading News

Hasina sent to makeshift jail from hospital after 19 days
I was forced to appear at court with incomplete treatment: Hasina

Staff Correspondent 

Detained Awami League President Sheikh Hasina was taken back to makeshift jail in Parliament Complex after 19 days treatment in capital’s Square Hospital on Sunday.
Meanwhile, the former Prime Minister complained that she was forced to appear at the court with her incomplete treatment and amid mental harassment by the authorities concerned.
The ailing AL chief was produced before the Special Judge Court for a hearing in ‘Barge-Mounted Power Plants Scam’. Earlier, she was discharged from the hospital at about 2.15pm, according to hospital sources.
Talking to The Bangladesh Today, Deputy Inspector General (Prisons) Major Shamsul Haider Siddique said, "As the hospital authorities released former Premier Sheikh Hasina, she was produced before the court and from there, she has been sent back to special jail as per the rules of Jail Code."
Meanwhile, the AL President claimed, she was produced before the court without completing her proper treatment in the hospital. While speaking in the court, she also accused the Caretaker Government of resorting to mental harassment. She told the court that she cannot hear at all in her one ear and cannot see well with her left eye and no personal physicians were allowed to treat her at the Square Hospital. Hasina alleged that due to ‘negligence’ of the jail authorities, her medical treatment had not been complete and she has been taken to court by force.
Expressing her grave concern over the prevailing situation, she said, "What has been done with me is inhuman act. It’s nothing but mental harassment. I’m the victim of that sort of torture." Hasina asked why she was taken to the court straight from the hospital without completing her treatment. "Where will I get justice? Who will ensure me justice?" she questioned in an emotion chocked voice during her submission in the case in front of the crowded court at the JS Complex.
Terming the cases lodged against her as false, baseless and fabricated, she said such cases were lodged to ruin her political career. The court adjourned the hearing of the case until April 3.


CA calls for reorganizing agri system to ensure food security
UNB, Gazipur

Chief Adviser Dr Fakhruddin Ahmed on Sunday called for restructuring the country’s agricultural system in a new format to increase production of food grains and ensure food security.
Referring to recent undesirable scenario of the world food production, he said that in the changed situation it is clearly understood that the strategy to replenish the shortage of food by import is much risky.
Inaugurating a 3-day long ‘BARI Technology Transfer Workshop 2008’ organized by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Dr Fakhruddin said the government has taken initiative to formulate a new national Agricultural Policy considering the changed perspectives at national and international levels. He called for adopting effective and sustainable short-, mid- and long-term planning and programmes to boost the agricultural production.
The objective of the agricultural technology transfer workshop is to reach the recently evolved sustainable and useful technologies to the farmers through agricultural extension and development workers of the government and private organizations. BARI recently evolved 126 new varieties of crops including short-term high yielding, temperature and salt-tolerant and insect resistant food grains, vegetables and crops, and 55 technologies for production management of the crops. So far, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, the biggest and reputed agricultural research organization of the country, has developed 281 high-yielding varieties of crops and 293 production suitable technologies by 774 agricultural scientists and researchers.
BARI director general M Harun-or-Rashid made a presentation at the function on summary of the newly evolved technologies to be transferred to the farmers. Agriculture Adviser Dr CS Karim also spoke at the function, chaired by Agriculture Secretary M Abdul Aziz. Some 300 participants including agriculture and agriculture related government officials and private organizations and 10 farmers are taking part in the workshop. Scientists, researchers, and civil and military officials were present at the function held at Badruddoza Auditorium of the Rice Research Institute. The Chief Advisor agreed that prices of essentials rose substantially aggravating the sufferings of the lower, middle and limited income groups, as their income and purchasing capacity have not increased.
He, however, said the government has sincerely deployed all its strength and taken all possible initiatives to keep the prices of food grains at tolerable level.
Dr Fakhruddin said huge quantity of crops were destroyed due to two successive floods and cyclone ‘Sidr’ last year as well as adverse weather, increasing production cost and other reasons posed a threat to the global food and agricultural productions. He said many developed countries are using food grains and croplands for production of bio-fuel for bigger profit resulting in gradual shortage of food grains in the world market. The food exporting countries are now turning into importing countries while prices of food are quickly going up worldwide, he said, adding that the thrust of this adverse situation falls on Bangladesh.
The Chief Adviser has called upon all to put their strength, merit and skill, imbued with the sprit of patriotism, to face the challenges of agricultural development to build a poverty- and hunger-free Bangladesh.
He said not an inch of arable land should remain fallow for over all increase of agricultural production and steps will have to be taken, depending on the quality of land, to ensure cultivation of any one of the crops throughout the year. He urged to do whatever is necessary for ensuring highest production in each unit of arable land. After the inaugural session, the Chief Adviser went round the exhibition of newly evolved high yielding varieties of various crops and production suitable technologies and farm machine technologies at the venue.


 BNP for street agitation to free Khaleda
Staff Correspondent 

BNP Chairperson’s adviser Brig (retd) ASM Hannan Shah on Sunday demanded of the interim government to reconstitute the Election Commission (EC) as it has already lost its credibility. Hannan Shah lodged the demand at a discussion meeting to mark the Independence and National Day organised by Dhaka city unit of BNP at the auditorium of the Engineers’ Institution in the capital. "We want such an EC which will be impartial and neutral, but this EC has already created a chink in the confidence of the people through its words and deeds, so a credible election can never be possible under this set up of the EC," Hannan alleged, adding, "this set up of the EC must be reconstituted if a free, fair and a credible election can be held."
As the audience was repeatedly shouting for giving action programme to free Khaleda Zia and Tarique Rahman, Hannan Shah, without making a clarion call for street agitation, said, "the people of the country do not dare to go for any street agitation. If necessary, they can take to the streets. If you (the government high-ups) have the courage, try the cases of Begum Zia and Tarique Rahman in the existing laws, not under the Emergency Powers Rules (EPR). He urged the party workers to be present on the court premises on the day when Tarique Rahman will be taken for the trial. About the much-touted minus-two formula, he said, "the government will never be able to implement its theory as millions of people of Bangladesh are with Begum Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina. False and fabricated cases have been lodged against Begum Zia."
Speaking on the occasion, Selima Rahman, joint Secretary General, said, "Demand for the release of Begum Zia has now become a popular demand." Calling upon the party men and women to be united at any cost, Goyeshwar Chandro Roy said, "There is no alternative to the unity, but hold of the control over party must be tightened."


 BDR-Businessmen discussion
Strong monitoring cell to be formed to oversee market price

Staff correspondent


A strong monitoring cell will be formed in a bid to over see the market price and bring the spiral price commodities under control.
"Activities of BDR intelligences forces will be intensified to control both the wholesale and retail markets. Intelligence forces will act as striking force. They will be engaged in getting update information about the prices of daily commodities. Stern action would be taken against the businessmen responsible for the market manipulation," said Col MA Halim while exchanging views with the business leaders at a discussion held at BDR headquarters in the capital.
Col Halim, Director of Operation Dal Bhaat (Pulses and Rice) said, "The businessmen must have to sell the various items of daily commodities as per the maximum retail price and if anybody violates the rule, we must take action against that person. Besides, we will fix the rate of some items and as per the chart; the businessmen will have to sell their items." The business leaders urged the government set up a camp in every market of law enforcing agency to monitor the market price regularly.
Meanwhile, at an another discussion, retailers blamed the wholesalers and market lessee for the price hike of daily commodities as they said, "earlier, a section of employees of city corporation leased out the markets to some influential political leaders and they are charging excess money from the retailers as rent of their shops and to meet the expenses of the shops, the retailers are being compelled to increase the price of essentials,".
They were speaking at a discussion meeting on ‘recent price spiral of daily commodities’ organized by Consumers Association of Bangladesh (CAB) at its office in the city.
President of Dhaka City Kitchen Market Association, Anwar Sikder said, "There are middlemen who play a vital role in increasing the prices of essentials and these middlemen with the assistance of a section of unscrupulous businessmen are mainly responsible for the market manipulation."
Presenting a keynote paper, Marketing Monitoring Officer of CAB, Mofazzel Hossain said, "The government taken a lot of measures to curb the price spiral of daily essentials, but so far it does not work as a section of business leaders are gaining benefits through market manipulation, that’s why the government will have to identify those persons and it also will have to take punitive measures to stabilize the price of daily commodities."

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Gas-Oil-Road Show
Prospects, process for exploration

Staff Correspondent

In a bid to attract the International Oil and Gas companies to participate in the proposed third round of bidding process, a two-day international 'Road Show on Bangladesh Offshore Bidding Round-2008' began in the city on Sunday.
Sate-run Petrobangla organised the road show held at Sonargaon Hotel in the city yesterday. Chief Advisor's Special Assistant for Power and Energy Ministry M Tamim formally inaugurated the function. Secretary of Energy and Mineral Resources Division Mohammad Mohsin and Chairman of Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) Jalal Ahmed also addressed on the occasion. A total of 120 local and international companies are taking part in the open demonstration on the prospects of the sector and contracting process for exploration.
Under the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) the country's seashore area has been divided into 28 blocks for the hydrocarbon exploration. Of the blocks, eight are located in offshore areas of about 1,0,5000 square kilometers in the bay of Bengal while the rest 20 blocks in deep-sea area. The contract between the government and the international companies will be completed by August. After completion of the procedure of contract, joint management comprising Petrobangla and the representatives from the foreign companies will start seismic work.
Special Assistant to the Chief Adviser said government is hoping it will start seismic work by October this year. "We have formulated a number of polices including the National Energy Policy (NEP) to facilitate the investors. We are hoping seismic work will begin by October. The investment in Bangladesh is now well protected," he said
Tamim said in a bid to develop the country's energy sector and bring back the economy on the track the government has been updating the national energy policy. "Some 24 TCF gas will have to be discovered for meeting the growing demand by the year 2025 with view to attaining and maintaining a 7 percent GDP growth. Some 8 billion US dollars will be invested to explore gas field," he said adding over the last decade, gas consumption has been increasing at a rate of 8 percent per annum.
Regarding opposition of different quarters against government move to lease out gas block to the foreign companies, Tanim said, "I am ready to sit with different organisations or professional bodies who are opposing government's move and I want to make clear about the government stand at an open or closed door meeting anywhere."
Petrobangla Director Muktadir Ali said so far 17 firms have bought promotional packages and 25 firms purchased the information packages to participate in the bidding process. Petrobangla invited international bidding on February 15 asking the international oil companies (IOCs) to submit their respective offers by May 7, 2008 for deep-sea oil and gas exploration.
For the deep-sea blocks in the Bay of Bengal, the contractors will get a total of 9 years to carry out exploration. Of the time, 5 years will be given for initial exploration and then it will be extended in two phases. They will get 2 years as the first extension and another 2 years as the second extension. For the shallow blocks, a total of 8 years' time will be given to the contractors and they will have to conduct exploration within 3 years as initial period. Then another 2 years will be given for extended exploration and another 2 years for second-time extension. On completion of the exploration, the contractor will submit a 25-year development plan for gas field and 20- year plan for oil field. However, they can extend the plan period by an additional 5 years provided Petrobangla's consent.
Around ninety per cent of the power plants of the country are fired by gas and many industries and factories are also based on this energy. Power plants consume 42 per cent, fertliser factories 14 per cent and the rest 44 per cent are being used by the industries, factories and domestic purposes.
According to the Gas Sector Master Plan (GSMP) financed by the World Bank, the gas reserves discovered and proved till 2006, would be able to fulfil the medium scale demand by 2011-12. But the government will have to take various initiatives including investigation for exploring new gas fields to ensure smooth supply of gas by 2015.


 Price Hike of Essentials
Poor presence of customers at shops

Ainul Haque Royal

Hawkers, shop keepers, traders and businessmen, who run their businesses from footpaths to the luxurious shopping complexes in the city, are facing serious set back as their sales saw a sharp decline following the abnormal price hike of essentials specially rice, edible oil and pulses causing endless miseries to the people.
Talking to the Bangladesh Today on Sunday, echoing the same voices, hawkers, shop keepers, traders, and businessmen said people from all walks of life specially middleclass, commoners and the poor are not showing interest to buy anything except their most essential daily necessities due to financial crisis.
"Like in the past, people don't visit our shops for buying luxurious or common things. Our sales are declining day by day. A very few number of rich people visit our shops, as a result our sales are seeing a very dull season. If such trend continues for long time, we will have to choose alternative option to earn our livelihood."
Different City markets like Basundhara City, Rifle Square, Metro Shopping Malls, Eastern Plaza and Sezan Point and departmental stores witnessed a very poor turnout of customers yesterday, with many shopkeepers standing idle with their merchandises on display.
Anisur Rahman, a businessman of Basundhara City, told this correspondent, due to the price hike of essentials, the attendance of customers at different shops in the market has become very thin now-a-days. It is very difficult to run our business under these circumstances. The prices of commodities are increasing day by day but the salaries or incomes are yet to be increased proportionately. The people are expanding the major part of their salary to procure food items. "No customers visited my shop till 3 pm today (Sunday). I don't know what is in my fate for this day. Just before a month I sold different products worth about Tk 30 thousand per day but now I am unable to cover the daily management cost of the shop," he said.
Kibria, a shop owner, said "I had 12 employees to provide services to the customers. Due to slow turnover of customers, I have been compelled to spare six of them in a bid to minimize my expenditure." Nurul Kader, a staff of the shop, said I could not eat meat over the last two months due to financial crisis. Nayan, a marketing executive of Etcetera Bangladesh (ETC), told this reporter that the people are spending around 70 percent of their salary mainly for purchasing rice, edible oil and pulses. It is impossible to spare money for cosmetics, showpieces or luxurious items. For this reason, the sale at our store has decreased largely.
Mizan, Ridoy and Kamal, footpath hawkers in the Farmgate area, said they are compelled to sell their garments at high price because of price hike of essentials to earn our livelihood. A good number of customers visited our shop but did not buy any thing. If the on-going situation continues to worsen further, we will be unable to run our businesses and earn our livelihood.


Public Awareness needed for Earthquake risks
Staff Correspondent

Experts at a roundtable on Sunday said a devastating catastrophe may take place in Dhaka as it has been identified as earthquake prone city due to geographical characteristic and indiscriminate and unplanned construction of high-rise and multi-storied buildings. They also laid emphasis on coordinated massive efforts with long-term plan to reduce damages of earthquake in Bangladesh where 100 million people are living under risk of the unstoppable natural hazard. They said only creating public awareness will not be sufficient to face earthquake, rather the main focus should be given on rebuilding the cities with master plans.
The roundtable titled "Earthquake Risk of Bangladesh: Preparedness and Limitations" was arranged jointly by USAID, Care, Nirapad and Daily Somokal at the CIRDAP auditorium in the yesterday. Dr ASM Maksud Kamal, national expert on earthquake and tsunami preparedness under Comprehensive Disaster Manage-ment Programme (CDMP) presented a keynote at the roundtable.
DCC's chief urban planner Sirajul Islam said the national building construction code'1993 has been updated in 2006, but after then still today no ministry or department was assigned to implement the code. He further said there was a law enacted many years ago to appoint urban planner at every pourasobha of the country, but the law still remained unimplemented.
Dr Mallik said most of the buildings in the major cities were built without following building codes. "We can not even imagine how terrific the disaster will be." If the earthquake shakes the capital and other metropolitan cities severely, it will cause huge damage to lives and properties as these buildings will not be able stand the earthquake jolts," he added.
PWD's Executive Engineer Sirajul Haq said mysteriously the PWD has been kept inactive for working with the mitigation of earthquake losses. "I strongly recommend the Government to make the PWD into such an effective institution which will work as regulatory body and will have the authority to demolish and reconstruction of buildings."
Speakers said geological maps for every region of the country should be available to the government, non-government institutions and also to the public as they can know which areas of the country is earthquake-porne. The speakers also said if a big earthquake occurs once, subsequently several earthquakes of smaller magnitude follow it surrounding the same epi-centre. So, it is necessary to measure the magnitude of an earthquake. Although there is a seismic survey station in Chittagong, the government is constructing three new seismic survey stations with sophisticated equipments like seismometers and seismographs in Dhaka, Sylhet and Rangpur in a bid to inform people of the extent and magnitude of earthquake.
The experts also said we will have to buildup awareness among the city dwellers about the destructive capacity of earthquakes and how to take protection against them.


Crime

Seven get life term for murdering housewife
A Correspondent, Barisal

A trial court in Barisal on Sunday sentenced seven accused to life imprisonment with each Tk fifty thousand fine or to suffer more three years in Rigorous for Imprisonment in default for murdering a housewife and injuring a youth.
The sentenced seven accused are Abdus Sattar Molla, Sheikh Dulal, Sheikh Nazrul Islam, Md. Kamal Howladar, Babul Howladar, Delwar Hossain Talukdar and Noni Gopal Samaddar, and the last two remained absconding during announcing the verdict. Md. Shahidullah, district and sessions judge of Barisal announced the verdict on Sunday afternoon after examining 14 witnesses and other evidences.
Sub Inspector Siddikur Rahman investigating the case filed charge sheet against the aforesaid seven accused on April 15, 2001 under sections 302(34) and 307 of penal code.

Proper execution of community policing stressed
BSS, Chittagong

The monthly crime conference of Chittagong district police held here on March 29 stressed on improving relationship between the people and the police through properly implementing the community policing concept.
DIG of Police, Chittagong range AKM Shahidul Haque attended as the chief guest at the meeting held with police super Chittagong Mohammad Kamrul Ahsan in the chair, district police sources said.
Senior officials and officers-in-charge of all police stations of the district police were present at the meeting held at the conference room of police super's office at Nasirabad in the city.
The meeting reviewed the overall state of law and order in the district and gave directives to the officials concerned to remain vigil in checking crimes like dacoity, hijacking, trafficking of illegal arms and smuggling.
Addressing the meeting, the DIG of police called upon the police officials to put in their best efforts in making the community policing concept a success by involving the people in a bigger way to maintain law and order.
He also made some important guidelines to the police officials about the investigation into the pending cases and their supervision in the investigation process.
Later, the DIG handed over crests to seven sub-inspectors and assistant sub-inspectors of police working at different police stations for their good performance in arresting absconders and executing warrants in February last, sources added.

Five injured in eviction drive at BSS building
UNB, Dhaka

At least five people were injured in a clash Sunday morning during an eviction drive by Hossain Electric Industries Employees Multipurpose Cooperative Society at the ground floor of BSS building at Purana Paltan.
Police said the clash ensued at about 11 am when the members of the cooperative society along with a platoon of police went to evict the shops as per the court order and they were resisted by the affected shop owners and their employees.
Officials of Hossain Electric Industries Employees Multipurpose Cooperative Society claimed that the shops were set up illegally at the ground floor of the building and they went to evict the shops following the court's eviction notice to the owners.
The shop owners, however, said they had not received any such eviction notice from the court.
They alleged that the staffs, in presence of police, looted valuables of their shops in the name of eviction and also beat some of them when they tried to resist.
The shop owners further alleged that police beat them when the owners and their employees staged demonstration on the road.
Some journalists working with BSS, the official news agency, came under assault when they tried to go to their offices housed on the 1st and 2nd floors of the building.

Female SSC examinee commits suicide
UNB, Bagerhat

A female SSC examinee allegedly committed failing to appear at the examination at Durgapur village in Chitalmari upazila Friday morning.
Local people said Laiju Akter, 16, daughter of day-labourer Badrul Alam of Puranpur village in the upazila, failed to fill in a form for the SSC exam as her poor father could not manage money.
The catastrophic cyclone Sidr that swept over the districts of southwestern coastal belt of the country in last November rendered poor Badrul Alam homeless like others.
Failing to appear at the exam on the first day Thursday meritorious Laiju hanged herself from the ceiling of an abandoned house in the morning.
Later, her parents after a hectic search found the hanging body and on information police sent the body to Sadar hospital morgue for autopsy.
A pall of gloom descended over the village following the tragic death of the poor girl.

Husband kills wife
A Correspondent, Rajshahi

Parul Begum, 38, a house wife of Kulpara area under Shah Makhdum thana of the city was allegedly killed by her husband on Friday night.
Police arrested the killer husband from his house.
Police and local people informed, at around 12:00 midnight on Friday, Ataur Rahman, husaband of Parul Begum killed his wife by beating and strangulation at his room and started to behave like a cracked person.
Being informed by the neighbours, police rushed to the spot and arrested the killer husband, Ataur Rahman, and sent the dead body to the Rajshahi Medical College Hospital morgue for autopsy. Father of the deceased house wife filed a case with Shah Makhdum thana in this connection.

Two teenage girls violated
UNB, Bagerhat

Two teenage girls were gang-raped by miscreants in Morelganj pourasabha here Thursday night.
Police said the two girls, aged around 15 and 13, came to the municipality area from Tengratila village of Kachua upazila at the invitation of SSC candidate Harunur Rashid, lover of one of the two girls.
Later, Harun took his fiancée (15) and her cousin (13) to his friend Rony's residence in the area to spend the night. Later, Harun, Rony and their one accomplice violated the girls by turns and fled the scene.
Local people rescued the victims in profusely bleeding condition and admitted them to the Sadar hospital in the morning.
Police later arrested culprit Rony. A case was filed.

Youth beaten to death
UNB, Dinajpur

A youth was beaten to death by his friends over a trifling matter at Fakirpara Moholla in the district town Saturday night. The dead was identified as Hamidul Islam, 18, son of Noor Alam of the area.
Local sources said Hamidul had an altercation with his friends over playing carom at about 9:00 pm. At one stage, they severely beat up Hamidul, leaving him seriously injured.
Hamidul was taken to Dinajpur Medical College Hospital where doctors declared him dead.
A murder case has been filed with Kotwali police station.

Female drug peddler held
A Correspondent, Rajshahi

The Rapid Action Battalion in Rajshahi arrested a female drug peddler with heroin at Godagari area in Rajshahi on Saturday night.
The arrested was identified as Rehana Khatun, 35, wife of Sentu Mian of Shaharagachi village under Godagari.
According to the RAB sources, acting on a tip-off a RAB team launched drive in the Shaharagachi village on Saturday at around 8:30 pm. They arrested Rehana Khatun along with 10 grams of heroin.
A case was filed with the Godagari police station against the drug peddler, after RAB handed over her to the police on Sunday.
Police produced her before the court on Sunday and the court send her to jail.
 

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Editorial

Where is the Economy Taking Us All?

Over the last one and a half year our currency has depreciated in real value by at least 50 percent; that is we are unable to buy the same amount of goods and services with Tk.100.00 that we did about one and a half year back. This is but one of the effects of inflation, making all our lives miserable. Prices of everything - from rice to rods - have increased by as much as 100 percent or more. The Emergency Government is blaming everything on world-wide inflation and rise in commodity prices in the international markets, while everyone else is blaming the Government for not doing enough to mitigate the effects of inflation and rise in prices. Everyone is right but the Emergency Government is not ready to listen to "everyone", least of all to the millions of people forced to bear the brunt of an economy in decline at the best and a disintegrating economy at the worst.
In Bangladesh the entire economy is linked to the prices and availability of staple food the demand for which is inelastic, that is everyone wants to eat rice unless of course one is starving and is forced to eat anything in order to survive. If price of rice increase, prices of all other goods and service spirals upward in an uncontrolled manner; uncontrolled because in a more or less market economy it is impossible to monitor the supply, demand and prices of everything as is evident from price increase in such items as LPG gas, educational materials, construction materials, transportation fares etc.
That our economy is linked to food has been forcibly brought home after the floods and cyclone destroyed much of our crops of a single season; food shortages occurred and prices rose quickly and steeply. The Government at first refused to recognize that any problems would arise from these devastations to agriculture and so refused to intervene by immediately importing food commodities. When it did decide to import food, major producers and exporters of cereals, panicked by rumors of world-wide food shortages, restricted or even banned exports; supply in international markets shrunk and prices started going through the roof making it impossible to import anything. Therefore, when people in the streets sarcastically comment that the Fakhruddin government is bent on making us all fakirs, they are expressing stark realities.
The net effect of all this is that people are beginning to question the reason for existence of this Emergency Government and are stridently demanding a return to representative government, even if it means handing over the reign of government to the AL or BNP, the self-same political dispensation which the Emergency Government had tried so hard to discredit and de-legitimize through its anti-corruption drives.
Pressed by unbearable economic hardships, the people are restless, dissatisfied and angry; pressed by EPRs, anti-corruption and reforms, political parties are divisive, frustrated and increasingly confrontational - it will not be long before the people and the political parties get together in an explosive mixture that would be both intransigent and violent. Therefore this two-year stint of the Emergency Government has been nothing but marking time in the same place and all this talk of "reforms" are leading us to nowhere but to similar conditions that the Emergency started off from on 11 January 2007. Maj Gen Golam Quader's claim that the Emergency Government is "in full control" is nothing but bluster.


Corruption in Hospitals

As the health sector as a whole is very much among the most corruption-ridden sectors of the country, it is nothing surprising that corruption is rampant in the city's Suhrawardy Hospital. According to a report published in The Bangladesh Today on Sunday, this hospital has earned a reputation of harassing patients who come to its premises for treatment of various ailments. Soon after arrival at the hospital premises, patients fall prey to the touts, cheats and a section of the hospital staff. Some organised groups start trying to convince the relatives of the patients to transfer them to some private clinics.
This is a common scenario in almost all public hospitals in the country, because these are plunged in mismanagement, irregularities and anomalies. The patients hardly get proper medical treatment in these hospitals as in many cases medicines meant for the patients are smuggled out and the doctors and nurses seldom pay enough attention to the ailing people. It is due to these reasons that those who can afford, go to private clinics and the helpless poor patients alone who are unable to meet the high cost of treatment in private clinics and hospitals come to the public hospitals only to be neglected, deceived and disappointed.
The government allocation for people's health care in our country is perhaps the lowest in the world. Even then, whatever is allocated is not properly utilised for the medical care due to corruption and mismanagement. This trend must be stopped. Government must take stern action to stop corruption in the hospitals to ensure better medical service to the ailing people.

 

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Analysis

System Error, Reboot in Progress

The trouble came to a head when Bear Stearns, the fifth-largest investment bank in the United States, seemed on the verge of outright collapse.

Lee Hudson Teslik

Twice this month U.S. stock indices posted their biggest one-day gains in five years-only to surrender them again in sell-offs, dragging global markets down in their wake. Yet March's most dramatic financial tribulations weren't on Wall Street. Rather, they were hundreds of miles down the Eastern seaboard, in Washington, DC, where the U.S. Federal Reserve responded to financial turmoil with a series of aggressive policy interventions.
The trouble came to a head when Bear Stearns, the fifth-largest investment bank in the United States, seemed on the verge of outright collapse. The Fed swooped in (WSJ), assuming the risk of Bear's bad debt to convince another banking giant, JPMorgan Chase, to buy the beleaguered company at a heavily discounted price. The Economist declared the move pragmatic-it saved Bear from defaulting on some $10 trillion of derivatives contracts, the argument goes, and thus served to stop the financial bleeding at its source. But other analysts questioned the wisdom of the move, noting that U.S. taxpayers will bear the burden of the bailout (ABC News).
The Fed didn't stop at the Bear-Morgan deal. The board opened an umbrella over all of Wall Street, agreeing to lend directly to brokers through a new lending facility at the reserve bank of New York. Less than a week before, the Fed had announced a different new lending service, one of the many steps (RGE Monitor) the Fed has taken to boost liquidity since December. The Fed also sharply dropped the interest rate it charges banks, adding to its quickest monetary loosening in decades.
Final judgment of the Fed's wild week will hinge on whether these policy maneuvers restore confidence in credit markets. Analysis here varies markedly. The Fed's most urgent short-term mandate, some say, is to prevent the kind of panic that might have been stirred by a Bear Stearns implosion. An analysis from Dow Jones says many traders think the Bear Stearns breakdown brought the financial system precariously close to systemic collapse-and that the Fed prevented this outcome by adding emergency liquidity just when it was needed.
But with so many problems remaining, economists hesitate to cheer too loudly. First and most basically, there may still be a lot of bad debt out there, infecting the portfolios of the world's biggest banks. Indeed, analysts say the debt situation could get worse before it gets better, particularly if U.S. property values continue their downslide and force more homeowners to default on mortgages. The Financial Times adds that defaults could spread beyond mortgage loans, to credit card debt or auto debt, potentially broadening the crisis.
With a daunting task at hand, the Wall Street Journal reports policymakers are now looking beyond short-term cash injections and considering long-term regulatory fixes. Doing this effectively will mean walking a tightrope. Over the past decade, economists say a system of loose credit and endless leverage led to a murky "shadow banking system" (IHT) beyond the purview of regulators. But experts also warn against going overboard. One analyst comments in the FT that a regulatory backlash against banks could have "costly" and "unintended consequences." Examining the underlying financial system, the Economist article cited above says: "This system worked; indeed, at its simplest, it still does, spreading risk, promoting economic efficiency and providing cheap capital."


( Lee Hudson Teslik is an Assistant Editor with the Council on Foreign Relations. Source: www.cfr.org)


Azerbaijan: Independent Islam and the State

The challenge is to stop any groups bent on violence, while ensuring freedom of religion.

Claims that major terrorist acts were foiled in Azerbaijan at the end of 2007 have prompted discussion about the extent to which Islamic extremism is a genuine threat in the oil-rich land. Azerbaijan is a secular state with an overwhelmingly moderate (predominantly Shiite) Muslim population. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union and independence in 1991, independent Sunni and Shiite groups have emerged which refuse the spiritual authority of the official clergy. Some are political, but very few, if any, appear intent on employing violence to overthrow the state. The government, however, expresses concern about these "independents", and tries to control them, including through repression. Its strategy risks radicalizing peaceful activists and believers.
After 1991 Azerbaijan became a target of religious movements vying for influence. Missionaries and charities from Iran, the Middle East and Turkey, as well as individuals from Russia's north Caucasus came to proselytize. Some reportedly were linked with militant Islamist networks, including al-Qaeda. Many were expelled, and only Turkish groups now continue to work relatively unhindered by the state.
Largely inspired and funded by foreign groups, independent religious communities have grown much more rapidly than official mosques. Salafism, largely unheard of in Azerbaijan twenty years ago, has gained a foothold mainly in Baku and the north. Groups of Shiites who refuse to recognize the state-promoted spiritual leadership has also become more numerous, but only a few could be considered political and even fewer militant. Nevertheless, the government is suspicious of all independent expressions of Islam. It tries to control such groups through the State Committee for Work with Religious Organizations (SCWRO) and the Caucasus Board of Muslims (CBM) and generally represses manifestations of independence rapidly. Peaceful followers of groups outside CBM's control are by their own accounts regularly harassed and detained.
The government justifies its tough approach by citing a need to combat extremism and prevent terrorism, and it claims significant success. In the early 1990s, the state was relatively weak, and some extremist groups were apparently active. As the state has strengthened, it says it has become much more proficient at arresting and sentencing extremists. Whether those so treated actually had operational links with extremists is doubted by independent observers.
The government has employed excessive means to control peaceful religious activities and trials of alleged extremists are often held behind closed doors using evidence collected under duress. Independent religious communities as well as members of the political opposition say the authorities exaggerate the Islamic terrorist threat to gain the West's sympathy and tolerance for its undemocratic proclivities. The government's tactics at least run the danger of pushing otherwise peaceful groups towards jihad; radicalization, if not yet overt violence, is becoming visible among a minority of the Salafi community. The challenge is to stop any groups bent on violence, while ensuring freedom of religion.
The government has taken some steps to strengthen cooperation with believers by improving religious education for young clerics and reforming CBM. It is trying to cultivate a home-grown Islam, based on local values and traditions, to halt encroachment of foreign beliefs, but it should extend its efforts to include non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and independent communities in a broad debate on state and religion. Most importantly, it needs to devise a method of dealing with independent groups that does not criminalize them and is more respectful of religious rights.


(The above is a media report dated 25 March 2008, circulated by the International Crisis Group. Source: www. Crisisgroup.org)

 


Merchants of Lethal Deceit

For poll after poll has proven that the inhabitants of Afghanistan and Iraq see themselves as worse off today than before the acts of aggression began.

Tariq A. Al-Maeena

Five years into the occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan, US President George Bush claims it's been worth the haul. And although he claims he sheds tears for every one of the 4,000 soldiers he has sent to their death, little or no mention is made of an estimated one million or more innocent Iraqi civilians who have lost their lives as a result of his grand adventure.
Remember the proponents of the aggression then? One of the strongest, Tony Blair of UK, is now keeping himself as far away from Bush as possible, and privately conceding that this adventure was a "horrible mistake". Was he led into this deceitful adventure by the smooth-talking neocons of the Bush administration and the gentle prodding by Bush himself?
Whatever happened to Paul Wolfowitz, Richard Perle, and Donald Rumsfeld, those active cheerleaders of a murderous and unlawful invasion of countries that harbored no ill will toward the United States or the American people?
Now facts have proven that this carnage was built on an orchestrated deception, first among Bush's constituents through selective manipulation of the media, and later by presenting false evidence to the world community, the United Nations.
These past five years will remain embedded in the minds of those who had lost their loved ones in Iraq and Afghanistan with pain and anguish. For it was under the US commander in chief's instructions that US soldiers used their most brutal practices among the prisoners by systematic acts of rape, sodomy and torture. They dehumanized their captives. Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo have become synonyms for gross human rights violations.
This continued and sustained assault on these two countries is a violation that has for the most part remained unchecked. Most nations are noticeably quiet on US transgressions in the region. It has not, however, failed to create deep chasms of animosity and suspicion of Bush's intentions. His talk of "spreading democracy in the Middle East" is now met with derision.
For poll after poll has proven that the inhabitants of Afghanistan and Iraq see themselves as worse off today than before the acts of aggression began. And really, what was it that Bush was after?
There were no weapons of mass destruction. Nor was there any sign of ill will in either country toward the United States. Was it the oil? Well maybe, but there was always the specter of an Israeli lobby dictating terms and manipulating things.
Many of those smooth-talking neocons who convinced their constituents of a doomsday situation if Iraq was not invaded are not around today parading in front of the world's media with their false assertions. Perhaps they are keeping a low profile for fear of being charged for these crimes against humanity in some tribunal sometimes in the future.
For, if you strip away all irrational rhetoric, what is happening in Iraq and Afghanistan is indeed a crime. A war crime to match the Israeli aggression and occupation of Palestine! How closely were the two operations orchestrated with Bush and Sharon in power?
And while one languishes in a vegetative state, the other is free to continue his acts of violence unchecked and unfettered.
And not satisfied with the amount of innocent blood already spilled, he is now pushing for another bloody adventure, this time against Iran.
Iran is an Islamic state, and Bush should think long and hard before contemplating any such moves. He lacks credibility when he talks about Iran's threat to the region and his evidence is dismissed as a joke.
The people in this region have seen and heard enough. The real threat has never been Iran. The real threat has been the willingness of some to believe what Bush says.
While Bush and his remaining neocons work covertly with the Israelis in an effort to convince the world body of the threat Iran poses, such alarmist talk has indeed been falling on deaf ears in the region.
As for the tears Bush says he sheds for the fallen, everyone knows they are as fake as the evidence he presented to justify his wars of aggression in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Source: www.arabnews.com


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Viewpoints

An African country hurries to the fore

Needless to say, "abolishing" absolute poverty by raising the incomes of the poor above a dollar a day is no big deal on its own.

Jonathan Power

F
or once the optimists have been proved right- and it's happening in that "dark, backward" continent, Africa. The ex British colony of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, renamed Tanzania after their union in the 1960s, is exceeding by a significant margin the economic projections of the International Monetary Fund made a mere three years ago. That was towards the end of the term of former socialist journalist, Ben Mkapa, the president who dug Tanzania's capitalist foundations. Jakaya Kikwete has been president barely two years but in that time the economy has jumped from an annual growth rate of 6% to 7.5%. David Robinson, the resident head of the IMF, expects it to hit 8% before long, which would be higher than any other country in the world, except China and India (and Angola which is almost exclusively an oil economy). In fact mainstream economic experts here see no reason why it shouldn't make 10% within three or four years. Thanks to the seeming magical qualities of compound interest those rates of geometric progress should double tax revenues within seven years and triple them within ten. Combined with the continuous influx of large quantities of aid and the government's commitment to education and health improvement this should enable absolute poverty- earning less than a dollar a day- to be largely abolished by 2020. Assuming the present government doesn't lose its way, either because of massive corruption or misplaced policies, Tanzania will probably be the first country on the African continent to achieve this goal.
Tanzania at present is one of the poorest countries in Africa. This growth is starting from a low base. Yet the same could have been said of South Korea or Thailand- the "Tiger Economies"- forty years ago. High growth rates, compounded, work to turn the graph of growth near to vertical after a decade of continuous progress.
Needless to say, "abolishing" absolute poverty by raising the incomes of the poor above a dollar a day is no big deal on its own. But if it is combined with universal primary and secondary education, health clinics, delivery rooms and safe running water in every village, contraception in the 90% range, which are all reasonable and doable goals given the rate of growth, then both the present and the future of the very poor will be very different. There will be still great income inequalities- as there are already only a decade after the rigorous socialism of Tanzania's founding president, Julius Nyerere, has been shunted aside- but they will matter less if the bottom 30%- mainly peasant farmers- are seeing visible improvements in their quality of life.
Under Julius Nyerere there was little corruption. Today it is a corroding curse. But Kikwete seems to be giving the system a big shake. Recently he sacked the governor of the central bank where an enormous scam involving hundreds of millions of dollars was uncovered. Shortly after the prime minister was asked to resign, leaving under a cloud of suspicion. Auditing across the board is being stepped up and this year the government auditors will present their report on time, a remarkable step forward for Tanzania.
Then there is the "Chinese problem". Chinese investment and aid is warmly welcomed by Tanzania. So is its hunger- along with India's- for raw materials that is pushing up the prices of the country's great variety of crops and minerals. But Chinese and Indian competition in low cost manufacturers is eating a hole in Tanzania's incipient industrialisation. There is no way now that the country can replicate the success of the Asian Tigers by industrialisation.
My own view is that that need be no barrier to continuous growth. Tanzania's agricultural growth rate is half that of Nigeria's and must be improved upon. But now, as commodity and food prices move upward, the terms of trade are shifting for the first time within memory in favour of the farmer. If the government does not try to protect the urban consumer- who is already beginning to shout for help- from this new trend, then the farmers will- and have already started to- produce more maize, cashew nuts, soya, pyrethrum etc. as prices rise in respond to the Asian pull. (The very poor, the bottom 20%, in the towns, can be helped by special subsidised food shops, but they must not be accessible to the majority.)
Tanzania can grow for a long time if it gets its agriculture off the ground. Industrialisation is a false panacea. Australia and Chile proved the point long ago that you don't need to industrialize to get reasonably wealthy. I can report that wide ranges of opinion from the president himself, to the head of the IMF, to aid donors, are increasingly convinced of this point. If such a policy is implemented then the Tanzanian lion (there are no tigers in Africa) can start to roar.


(Jonathan Power is an internationally renowned freelance columnist. Copyright Jonathan Power. Dateline Dar es Salaam; March 28th 2008. E-mail: JonatPower @aol.com or phone: +46 46 706 510879)


Building Ecotopia: Organic Cotton, Hemp and Bamboo

Due to the comfort and durability of cotton, it is one of the most popular natural fiber choices. Cotton has been used for garments for centuries.


Chuck Hall

When building Ecotopia, the principles of sustainable living touch every aspect of our lives. Dressing 'green' is an important part of living an Ecotopian lifestyle. The first thing you're going to want to look for when dressing sustainably is products made from fibers that are organically grown. Just because a garment is made from natural fibers doesn't mean that the fibers were grown in a method that is safe for the environment. About one-fourth of the insecticides used worldwide go into commercially grown cotton alone! So it is critical to make sure that you are purchasing garments made from organically grown fibers if you want to protect the environment.
Due to the comfort and durability of cotton, it is one of the most popular natural fiber choices. Cotton has been used for garments for centuries. The United States and Turkey are the world's largest producers of organic cotton, so there is a ready supply available in the U.S. for manufacturing greener garments, but countries around the world, including Canada and Australia, are rapidly catching up. When choosing cotton clothing, it is important to make sure that it is grown organically. It takes nearly half a pound of chemicals to grow enough cotton for one t-shirt when the cotton isn't grown with organic techniques. Think about that the next time you visit your favorite t-shirt shop!
Hemp is another readily sustainable crop. Hemp plants are highly productive, easy to cultivate and more tolerant of insects and other pests than cotton. It has been used to make ropes and garments for centuries. Unfortunately, although hemp cannot be used as a narcotic and has no hallucinogenic properties, it went out of favor in the 1930s in the United States for political reasons due to its resemblance to its cousin, marijuana. Apparently the U.S. government is afraid that Drug Enforcement Agents wouldn't be able to tell the difference between commercial hemp and marijuana! There has been a renewed interest in this natural plant fiber due to the fact that it is so easy to grow and its fibers are so durable, so restrictions are easing up somewhat, but because of the short-sightedness of the United States in this area, China remains the world's largest exporter of hemp. So if you buy hemp clothing, it will probably come from China or India, another large exporter of this fiber.
Believe it or not, bamboo is rapidly becoming a fiber of choice in the green clothing industry as well. It is hypoallergenic, absorbent, fast-drying, durable and naturally anti-bacterial. It is also very breathable and quite surprisingly comfortable to wear. Bamboo is a very fast-growing plant, as any gardener can tell you, making it easy to replenish. It is therefore another highly sustainable crop plant.


(Chuck Hall is an internationally renowned columnist writing on climate change and environmental issues. Chuck by email at: chuck@cultureartist.org.)


Turkey's secular fundamentalist threat

The chief prosecutor also formally recommended that Prime Minister Recep Erdogan, President Abdullah Gul and 69 other leading politicians be banned from politics five years.

Alfred Stepan

NEW YORK - The chief prosecutor of Turkey's high court of appeals recently recommended to the country's constitutional court that the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) be permanently banned. Only last July, the AKP was overwhelmingly reelected in free and fair elections to lead the government.
The chief prosecutor also formally recommended that Prime Minister Recep Erdogan, President Abdullah Gul and 69 other leading politicians be banned from politics five years.Clearly, banning the AKP would trigger a political crisis that would end Turkey's efforts to join the European Union in the foreseeable future and threaten its recent strong economic growth.
So the chief prosecutor's threat should not be taken lightly - all the more so given that the constitutional court has banned 18 political parties (including the AKP's predecessor party) since the current constitution was introduced in 1982. Indeed, the recent call to ban the AKP is directly related to its efforts to change Turkey's constitution.The underlying charge in the chief prosecutor's indictment is that the AKP has been eroding secularism. But the origins of the current constitution, and its definition of secularism, are highly suspect.
Turkey's existing constitution was adopted in 1982 as a direct product of the Turkish military coup in 1980. The five senior generals who led the coup appointed, directly or indirectly, all 160 members of the consultative assembly that drafted the new constitution, and they retained a veto over the final document. In the national ratification referendum that followed, citizens were allowed to vote against the military-sponsored draft, but not to argue against it publicly.As a result, the 1982 constitution has weaker democratic origins than any in the EU. Its democratic content was also much weaker, assigning, for example, enormous power (and a military majority) to the National Security Council. While the AKP has moderated this authoritarian feature, it is difficult to democratise such a constitution fully, and official EU reports on Turkey's prospects for accession repeatedly call for a new constitution, not merely an amended one. With public opinion polls indicating that the AKP's draft constitution, prepared by an academic committee, would be accepted through normal democratic procedures, the chief prosecutor acted to uphold the type of secularism enshrined in the 1982 constitution, which many commentators liken to French secularism. Yet, the comparison with what the French call laicité is misleading.
Certainly, both French laicité and Turkish secularism (established by modern Turkey's founder, Kemal Atatürk) began with a similar hostility towards religion. But now they are quite different. In Turkey, the only religious education that is tolerated is under the strict control of the state, whereas in France a wide variety of privately supported religious education is allowed, and since 1959 the state has paid for much of the Catholic Church's primary school costs. In Turkey, Friday prayers are written by civil servants in the 70,000-member State Directorate of Religious Affairs, and all Turkish imams also must be civil servants. No similar controls exist in France. Similarly, until the AKP came to power and began to loosen restrictions, it was virtually impossible in Turkey to create a new church or synagogue, or to create a Jewish or Christian foundation. This may be why the Armenian patriarch urged ethnic Armenians in Turkey to vote for the AKP in last July's elections. Here, too, no such restrictions exist in France.
The differences between French and Turkish secularism can be put in even sharper comparative perspective. In the widely cited "Fox" index measuring state control of majority and minority religions, in which zero represents the least state control, and figures in the thirties represent the greatest degree of control, all but two current EU member states get scores that are in the zero to six range. France is at the high end of the EU norm, with a score of six. Turkey, however, scores 24, worse even than Tunisia's authoritarian secular regime.Is this the type of secularism that needs to be perpetuated by the chief prosecutor's not so-soft constitutional coup?
What really worries some democratic secularists in Turkey and elsewhere is that the AKP's efforts at constitutional reform might be simply a first step towards introducing Sharia Law. If the constitutional court will not stop a potential AKP-led imposition of Sharia, who will?
The writer is professor of Government and Director of the Centre for Democracy, Toleration and Religion at Columbia University. ©Project Syndicate, 2008. www.project-syndicate.org.

Source: www.jordantimes.com


 


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International

Pakistan’s new Prime Minister reiterates commitment to fighting terror

AFP, Pakistan


Pakistan's new Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani said Saturday fighting terrorism would be his government's top priority, but offered to negotiate with those who renounce violence and give up weapons.
In his first policy statement since securing unanimous backing of MPs in the 342-member lower house of parliament, Gilani termed terrorism the biggest threat to his nuclear-armed nation.
The assurance appeared aimed at calming US concerns about any weakening of Pakistan's key role in the "war on terror" after the shift of power from its staunch ally President Pervez Musharraf to the newly elected powers led by slain opposition leader Benazir Bhutto's party.
US Deputy Secretary of State John Negroponte and Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian affairs Richard Boucher held intensive talks with the new leadership here this week to assess their commitment to counter terrorism.
"The fight against terrorism is our own fight because it has claimed innocent lives of children and young men of Pakistan," said Gilani, 55.
Pakistan is reeling under an unprecedented spate of violence which has killed more than 600 people this year. The turmoil is blamed on Al-Qaeda and Taliban militants hiding in the tribal region bordering Afghanistan.
"Our first priority will be restoration of law and order and elimination of terrorism from the country," Gilani added.
"Unfortunately some people have made violence a means to express their views. I appeal to all those people to abandon the path of violence and join us in the journey of democracy.
"We are ready to talk to all those people who give up arms and are ready to embrace peace," Gilani said to loud support from MPs.
He also promised a special package of political and economic reforms for the tribal areas as part of government's broad-based strategy to fighting terrorism and extremism.
"There is a dire need for a sustained political, economic and social reforms in our tribal areas. Poverty and illiteracy have led to the growth of terrorism in these areas," Gilani said.
"In order to overcome these social ills we will give a special package to these areas which will be an important pillar in our strategy to fighting terrorism."
Security analysts say Gilani's offer of talks to surrendering militants does not represent a new initiative as a similar approach followed by Musharraf in the tribal belt failed to contain the unrest.
Musharraf's allies lost elections last month, and Gilani told US President George W. Bush earlier this week that a broader approach to the "war on terror" is necessary, including political solutions.
A senior partner in the new coalition government, former premier Nawaz Sharif, warned the US envoys, who spent four days in Pakistan, that parliament would review Musharraf's "one-man" strategy against Islamic extremism.
Sharif said he told them that it was unacceptable for Pakistan to become a "murder-house" for the sake of US policies.
 


Syria’s Assad denies meddling in Lebanon at boycotted summit

AFP, Syria

Syrian President Bashar al-Assad denied on Saturday meddling in Lebanon as he hosted an Arab summit boycotted by half of the region's leaders, many of whom blame Damascus for the political crisis in Beirut.
"I would like to make a point with regards to Syrian interference in Lebanon. It is the contrary which is true because pressure has been exerted on Syria for over a year to interfere in Lebanon's affairs" but we have refused to do so, Assad said.
"They have their nation, their institutions, their constitution," he said in an opening address to the leaders of Algeria, the Comoros, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, the Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Sudan, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates.
The Saudi, Egyptian and Jordanian leaders stayed away after Washington urged its allies to think twice before attending the summit of the 22-member Arab League, accusing Syria of blocking the election of a new president in Lebanon.
Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak sent a statement to the summit urging Damascus to contain Arab rifts.
Syria must "open the way for a new phase (in Arab relations) and contain disputes and differences," said the statement, distributed by the Egyptian embassy.
"Improving Arab-Arab relations needs intense efforts ... and it is natural for the presidency of the summit to lead these efforts and pave the way for the new phase," Mubarak added.
The seat earmarked for Lebanon itself was left vacant, but Syria trumpeted the absence of US allies as a triumph over Washington's influence.
"They (the United States) did their best to prevent the summit but they failed," Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem told reporters ahead of the two-day gathering. "Their aim is to divide the Arab world."
Several Arab officials have expressed frustration at the West's "interference" in Arab affairs.
"There has been US pressure on Arab countries to reduce their participation," Libyan Foreign Minister Abdel Rahman Shalgham told reporters in Damascus on Saturday.
"We as Arabs do not interfere in European summits. It has become a farce and this situation must be remedied by a joint Arab effort," he said.


Baghdad curfew extended indefinitely
AFP, Baghdad

The curfew in Baghdad, which was to be lifted on Sunday morning, has been extended for an indefinite period, as violent clashes between Shiite fighters and security forces raged in the Iraqi capital, state television Al-Iraqiya reported.
"The Baghdad military command has decided to extend the curfew in the Iraqi capital for an indefinite period," the television report said. The capital's military command had originally imposed the curfew covering pedestrians and vehicles from late Thursday till 5:00 am (0200 GMT) on Sunday .
The curfew was imposed after fierce clashes broke out in the capital between Shiite fighters and Iraqi and US troops, mainly in the sprawling impoverished district of Sadr City in east Baghdad.
They erupted after Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki launched an assault on Shiite fighters in the southern city of Basra on Tuesday.
At least 75 people have been killed and nearly 500 wounded in the firefights over the past five days in Sadr City, and nearly 260 people countrywide.
Meanwhile, according to BSS, Reuters says, two U.S. soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb in eastern Baghdad on Saturday, the U.S. military said.
Earlier the U.S. military said that a U.S. soldier was killed as a result of wounds sustained from a roadside bomb attack south of Baghdad on Friday.
Following are the latest figures for soldiers and Civilians killed since the U.S.-led invasion in March, 2003:
US-LED COALITION FORCES:
United States 4,007
Britain 176
Other nations 134
IRAQIS:
Military Between 4,900 and 6,375
Civilians Between 82,591 and 90,115
Think-tank estimates for military under Saddam Hussein killed during the 2003 war. No reliable official figures have been issued since new security forces were set up in late 2003. From www.iraqbodycount.net (IBC), run by academics and peace activists, based on reports from at least two media sources.
The IBC says on its Web site the figure underestimates the true number of casualties.
The U.S-led military coalition toll includes casualties from Iraq and the surrounding area where troops are stationed.


Nepal royalists warn of civil war if king ousted
AFP, Kathmandu

Allies of Nepal's embattled king have warned that the Himalayan nation could slide back into civil war if landmark elections next month lead to abolition of the monarchy.
Several prominent royalists insisted many people in the deeply traditional Hindu-majority nation wanted the 239-year- old institution to stay and were opposed to the rise of former Maoist rebels, in interviews with AFP.
The April 10 polls will be a culmination of a peace deal between the republican Maoists and mainstream secular parties that ended a decade-long insurgency aimed at toppling the monarchy that claimed 13,000 lives.
The ex-rebels and the parties have already agreed King Gyanendra will have to go after the polls to elect a body that will rewrite Nepal's constitution.
But Major General Bharat Keshwer Simha, a long-time royal aide who accompanied the royals on foreign visits for decades, forecast a violent backlash in the impoverished nation wedged between India and China.
"If the Maoists can take up arms and come to power, Hindus will also take up arms. It will be worse than the Maoists' war and many people will be killed," he said.
Kunda Dixit, editor of the English language weekly Nepali Times, agreed the king would not take the abolition of his dynasty lying down.
"Given the personality of the king, he's not the type that is going to step down quietly," Dixit said. But he saw the monarchists' dire warnings as a last-ditch bid to try to derail the elections that will lead to the abolition of the institution.
"Things are pretty volatile and can be stoked-all it would take is a few acts" to force cancellation of the polls, he said.
Diplomats close to the process have consistently warned that the political peace is fragile with all sides ready to resort to violence. On Saturday, a mosque bombing in the south killed two people and stoked communal tensions.
King Gyanendra, 60, was vaulted to the throne in 2001 after the massacre of his popular brother Birendra and most of the rest of the royal family by a drink-and-drug fuelled crown prince.
Conspiracy theories linking Gyanendra and his unpopular son Prince Paras to the massacre have made the king "the most unpopular man in Nepal," said Dixit.
At the same time "the people make a distinction between a vote for the person of the monarch and the institution of monarchy," Kunda said. "The latest polls have shown about half the population would prefer to keep some kind of symbolic monarchy," he said.


 Rice in Mideast to boost peace talks
AFP, Jerusalem

US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was holding talks with Israeli and Palestinian leaders on Sunday on her second trip to the region this month to try to bolster the faltering Middle East peace process.
She is expected to push both sides to abide by their commitments under an internationally-drafted roadmap for peace and in particular for Israel to ease restrictions on Palestinians in the occupied West Bank.
"I will spend a good deal of time on issues concerning the West Bank and issues concerning the ability to provide better life for people of the West Bank, including ways to improve movement access," Rice told reporters travelling with her.
"The improvement of life on the ground is the piece that I think really has to be pushed forward very heard," she said.
Rice started her visit on Saturday with a working dinner with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and is due to meet senior Israeli and Palestinian officials on Sunday, including Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas.
"I am not coming to insert American ideas into the process. I think they are doing a lot of work on their own but I do want to talk to them to get some sense of how it is going," Rice said.
Rice will encourage renewal of regular meetings between Olmert and Abbas, suspended in the wake of a deadly Israeli blitz in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip last month.
The peace talks were revived at an international conference in the United States in November after a seven-year hiatus, with both leaders vowing to try to ink an accord by the end of 2008.
But negotiations have since made little visible progress and were marred by Israel's settlement activity in the occupied West Bank and east Jerusalem, a deadly attack on a Jewish religious school in Jerusalem and Gaza violence.
Despite the setbacks, a senior Israeli official this week said the two sides have made considerable headway, as chief Israeli negotiator Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni and her Palestinian counterpart, former premier Ahmed Qorei, continued holding intensive meetings.

On Sunday, Rice will hold a three-way meeting with Israeli Defence Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian prime minister Salam Fayyad, at which she is expected to press the two sides to carry out their roadmap commitments.
Under the roadmap-drafted in 2003 by the so-called Middle East Quartet of the United States, Russia, the United Nations and the European Union-Israel is to freeze settlements and the Palestinians are to stop violence.


Russia warns against US NATO drive for Georgia, Ukraine
AFP, Moscow

The US-led drive to bring Georgia and Ukraine into NATO may seriously harm Russia's ties with Washington and NATO, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said late Saturday in televised comments.
"As for the upcoming (NATO) summit in Bucharest, I am convinced that the US administration firmly decided to do all it can so that Georgia's and Ukraine's membership in the NATO became unavoidable," Lavrov said.
Washington "took the course of forced, swift inclusion of Georgia and Ukraine in to NATO," Lavrov added.
"If Ukraine's and Georgia's NATO membership becomes a practical issue, it will have serious consequences, and not only for our ties with the United States, but for our relations with NATO as an organisation," Lavrov warned.
Georgia hopes, along with Ukraine, to be invited at a NATO summit next week to sign up to NATO's so-called Membership Action Plan (MAP), which helps aspiring countries prepare for future entry.
Up to a dozen countries, led by Germany, are known to be sceptical. Russia vehemently opposes the NATO ambitions of its two neighbours and Soviet-era vassals, and has accused the Western alliance of trying to encircle it.
The sceptics are wary of provoking a further row with Moscow on top of a dispute over US plans to deploy an anti- missile system in the Czech Republic and Poland.
NATO nations have expressed deep concern about the state of emergency Georgia imposed in December to end opposition protests, as well as its frozen conflicts with separatist Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
 


Bush off to Europe to rally Afghanistan support, farewell Putin
AFP, Washington


G