saturday, march 01, 2008 , falgun 18, safar 22, 1428 a.h

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Leading News

Acute scarcity of 'safe drinking water'
UNB, Dhaka

'Water, water, everywhere, but not a drop to drink', so said eminent English poet S T Coleridge in his poem 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner' over 100 years ago.
Such a drastic situation might not exist in Bangladesh, but it is neither so far away with many of its population having to look frantically for a drop of "safe" drinking water.
Bangladesh is known from ancient times for its abundance of water from various sources, but it has been suffering for decades from acute scarcity of safe drinking water. Experts identify many types of constraints in ensuring safe water in the country, especially in the coastal belt, hilly region and city slums.
NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, a local NGO, said about 30 million people face health hazard due to arsenic contamination of the ground water sources, while 55 million others denied the use of water from tubewell due to fall in ground water level during the dry season. Another 14 million people in coastal areas are also badly affected economically due to excessive salinity, it said.
National Sanitation Status, June 2007 states that 97.6 percent of country's population drink piped water as well as from public taps, boreholes/tubewells, and protected wells and spring or rainwater. But the discovery of the widespread arsenic contamination of groundwater has undermined this commendable success, and effectively lowered safe drinking water coverage to only 74 percent of the population.
The report also showed that 28-35 million people are exposed to arsenic contamination above 50 ppb (parts per billion), while 46-57 million others exposed to arsenic contamination above 10 ppb. Former chairman of Dhaka Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA) and Professor of Geography and Environment Department Nazrul Islam observed that safe drinking water both in rural and urban areas is under threat as hand tubewells, the major source of water in the rural areas, are being contaminated by arsenic. Piped water in the country's large cities including Dhaka gets polluted due to old pipelines and leakage, and for lack of proper maintenance, he said. Nazrul Islam, also the Chairman of University Grants Commission (UGC), said 35 percent slum dwellers in the big cities including Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna do not get piped water due to certain laws now in force and also shortage of water.
A situation report on 'Water, Sanitation and Hygiene' (March 5, 2003) says the disparity between demand and supply of water and sanitation services is worst in the urban slums of capital Dhaka, where only 16 percent of the slum population has access to safe water.
Inefficient management and operation of urban water networks leads to a substantial waste of precious water and more than 40 percent of water is unaccounted for in the major cities of Bangladesh, the report added.
Joseph Halder, Chief, Advocacy and Information of NGO Forum, said acute shortage of 'normal water' is found in hilly areas, where water coverage is not more than 15-20 percent.
Hydrogeologist Nurun Nabi, who worked with groundwater (hydro) and surface water, said sources of safe water are being gradually decreased or destroyed as level of groundwater is being contaminated by arsenic and other heavy metals due to unplanned use of water by installation of hand pumps. Surface water is also being polluted for lack of proper maintenance of domestic and industrial wastes. The Joint Monitoring Project (UNICEF-WHO) found that between 1990 and 2005, the percentage of the population with access to safe water only increased by 4 percent - from 71 percent to 75 percent - despite concerted efforts to provide people with safe water.
Furthermore, Bangladesh now experience a developing water crisis. According to Bangladesh's Water Development Board (BWDB), more than 170 of Bangladesh's 230 large and medium rivers suffer from pollution and poor water management.
Besides, a large number of people use unsafe sources of water for personal and domestic needs like cooking, bathing and washing utensils, due to lack of awareness. According to the situation paper (2003), everyday some 20,000 metric tons of human excreta are deposited on public lands and waterways and this is one of the main causes that contaminate surface water.


EC can't finalize proposed electoral laws soon
Staff Correspondent

The Election Commission (EC) cannot finalize its proposed electoral laws soon due to its failure to hold dialogue with the BNP although it has wrapped up the second round talks on electoral reforms with other political parties.
"We will not finalize our reform proposals until and unless we hold the dialogue with BNP," the Chief Election Commissioner, ATM Shamsul Huda, said this repeatedly during five-day long second round talks with 15 political parties. "The EC's dialogue with the political parties will not be adjudged as complete or credible if the BNP is left out of the process," Huda said.
Holding the dialogue with BNP seems to be delayed as it completely hinges on the decision of the High Court as the issue was moved to the court following EC's unilateral invitation to pro-government BNP faction disregarding the BNP Secretary General's request. The issue is still pending in the High Court since the detained chairperson Begum Khaleda Zia lodged a writ with the court against the EC's decision. It is to be noted, the next hearing of the writ will be held on March 03.
The EC has not been able to hold even the first round of the talks with the BNP because of the legal tangle. At least two major political parties -Bangladesh Awami League and Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh held the EC responsible for creating complexities as regards holding dialogue with the BNP and urged it to solve the problems without any further delay to pave the way for holding a contested election.
"It is the EC which is responsible for the complexities and the EC will have to take initiatives to solve the problems as solution to the problem lies in your (Election Commissioners) hands," Tofayel Ahmed said adding, "If the EC does not take immediate steps to solve the problem, the people of country might think that the EC has invited a splinter faction of BNP in a bid to delay the election process."
In reply to Jamaat Secretary General Ali Ahsan Mujaheed's question as to why the EC did not invite the mainstream BNP, the CEC said, "We have invited Major (retd) Hafizuddin Ahmed in our best judgment examining the BNP's constitution." He, however, said, "I would not comment much on the issue as the issue might have reached this stage from a small beginning."
Talking to The Bangladesh Today, BNP acting Office Secretary, Ruhul Kabir Rizvi Ahmed said, "It is the EC which is responsible for not holding dialogue with us as it invited the so-called reformists' faction disregarding the BNP's Constitution.


  BD Workers Abroad

Saudi Arabia

Staff Correspondent

Bangladeshi workers are facing worsening situation in Saudi Arabia as that Country remaining at its hard line, is retrenching, harassing and misbehaving with the Bangladesh workers. On the other hand, joint initiatives taken by the Overseas Employment Ministry and Foreign Ministry, are failing to convince the Saudi Government to discuss the issue.
Meanwhile, Saudi Govern-ment had allegedly asked different companies to retrench the Bangladeshi workers from their organisations and recruit Pakistani and Indian workers. Following this government order, the companies have started retrenching the Bangladesh workers and cancelling the tenure of their visa.
Talking to this correspondent, a relative of a Bangladeshi worker in Saudi Arabia said, "The workers from other countries like Africa, India and Pakistan are engaged in criminal activities but the Saudi government is targeting and terminating Bangladeshi workers on mere surmise."
Early February 2008, a four member team led by Secretary of Expatriates' Welfare Ministry Abdul Matin decided to go to Saudi Arabia but their visit was postponed as the Foreign Adviser himself wanted to go there but as yet the foreign adviser has not visited the country.
It may be recalled that recently some adverse publicity against Bangladeshis have found their way into Saudi media. The matter was discussed in the Shoura. Saleh bin Abdullah bin Humaid has visited Bangladesh twice and is seen as a friend of Bangladeshis.
The Bangladesh mission in Saudi Arabia has been instructed to report to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates' Welfare on the situation on a regular basis.


Malaysia
Staff Correspondent

Foreign Adviser Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury said to the Bangladesh Mission and to Malaysian officials meeting him in Kuala Lumpur during his brief transit on the way back from Tokyo to Dhaka, that: "the welfare of Bangladeshi workers abroad must get top priority".
He returned to Dhaka on Thursday night after a 3-day official visit to Japan. During his five hour transit halt in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, the Foreign Adviser held meetings with the Secretary General of the Malaysian Foreign Ministry Tan Sri Rastam Mohammed Isa, Secretary General of the Malaysian Ministry of Home who also looks after labour issues, Dato Raja Azhar bin Raja Abdul Manap and Dato Husni Zai Yaacob, Under Secretary of the Foreign Ministry, according to the Foreign Ministry source.
He also met with the newly set up Bangladesh Workers Welfare Association and discussed proposals with them as to how to address effectively the problems faced by Bangladeshi workers in Malaysia. During both meetings Bangladesh High Commissioner in Malaysia, Ambassador M. Khairuzzaman was present.
Foreign Adviser, who is also in charge of the Ministry of Expatriate's Welfare and Overseas Employment, was informed that Malaysian authorities have agreed for the first time to allow the transfer of workers from one Company to another.
A Workers' Welfare Committee had been set up to assist the High Commission to tackle the problems. A large hostel to accommodate 800 to 1000 workers has been set up as a shelter for distressed workers. A microbus is being procured for their transport. Additional personnel are being hired to strengthen the Mission's hands. Discussions were also held about the possibility of "Out-sourcing" some critical functions to enhance Mission's effectively.
"I hope these measures will have the desired positive impact. These senior Malaysian officials told me they will help in every possible way and control those Malaysian agents that are responsible. Also, we have decided to start formal Foreign Office consultations within a month's time," Chowdhury told reporters afterwards. It may be mentioned that so far about 3,10,000 Bangladeshis have already gone to Malaysia against attestation given for 4,30,000.


Australia

UNB, Dhaka

Eminent Sydney lawyer Stewart Levitt on Friday said Bangladeshi people can take advantage of the unique opportunity to study in Australia and obtain permanent residency as Australia still suffers an acute shortage of skilled manpower.
"There is no shortage of facilities to cater for their lifestyle in major cities where 'Halal' food is readily available and there are mosques in most areas in proximity to colleges and universities," Levitt, proprietor of Levitt Robinson Solicitors & Attorneys, said this while speaking at a seminar in the city. Global United Corporation Bangladesh in corporation with Levitt Robinson Solicitors & Attorneys, a leading migration agent from the Sydney law firm, organized the seminar, said a press release.
Director of Firm and Migration Education Expert Satya Shah said shortest and most cost-effective pathway to gaining Australian residency through study and that a practical trade qualification provided a surer route to migration than higher education in some academic areas. Students are able to earn money by working up to 20 hours/week during term time and full time, during holidays, Shah added. "Once permanent residence is gained, students can access all of the rights available to an Australian, including health care and educational fee concessions".


BNP passes critical juncture: Delwar
BSS, Dhaka

BNP Chairperson nominated Secretary General Khandkar Delwar Hossain on Friday said the party is passing a critical juncture in its history.
"BNP will not take part in any election keeping its chairperson Begum Khaleda Zia in jail, he said while talking to the leaders and workers of Meherpur district unit of the party who called him at his NAM flat residence.
Terming BNP a pro-election political party, Delwar said his party would register massive victory if free and fair elections are held right at this moment.
He called upon rank and file workers and leaders of the party to cement further party's unity and integrity and expand organizational activities.
Dewar said once the party overcomes the present crucial phase, the dedicated workers of the party would be properly evaluated. Among others, party joint secretary general Begum Selima Rahman, office secretary Rizvi Ahmed, ex-MPs Principal Sohrab Uddin and Abdul Moment Talukder and district unit vice-president Ilias Hossain spoke on the occasion.

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Revitalising jute: BB takes a role
Rabiul Islam

"The Bangladesh Bank has asked us to submit a proposal as to how the jute sector can be revitalised", BJMC Chairman Ataharul Islam told The Bangladesh Today. A meeting in this regard was held at the secretariat on Thursday with Jute and Textile Ministry Adviser Anwarul Iqbal in the chair, sources said. Jute Secretary Abdur Rashid Sarkar, Bangladesh Bank Governor Salehuddin Ahmed, BJMC Chairman and concerned officials were present at the meeting. "We have discussed various issues as to how the jute sector can be saved", Anwarul Iqbal told this correspondent over phone. The meeting discussed the loans provided by the four nationalised banks to state-owned jute mills and how the loans can be paid, sources said.
Sources said the state-owned jute mills owe Tk. 35,00 crore to the Janata, Sonali, Agrani and Rupali banks. With huge burden of loan over the years, the mills are heading towards bankruptcy although the jute goods are now in high demand on global markets, sources said. At this critical juncture, the Jute and Textile Ministry wants to revitalise the jute sector with which around four crore people are directly and indirectly involved, the ministry sources said. "We will request the central bank to take steps to cut the interest of the loans provided by the four nationalised banks so that the jute mills can be saved", the BJMC told this correspondent.
Sources said these banks are cutting 30 percent interest from the fund earned from the export of jute goods. After receiving the proposal from the BJMC, BB Governor would hold meeting with the heads of the four nationalised banks as to how the loans and interests can be settled.
Economist Atiar Rahman told this correspondent that unemployment has been created due to closure of jute mills one after another. The Government should take steps to resume the operation of the jute mills to generate employment, he said, adding a comprehensive plan is needed to make the jute mills profitable. He suggested the existing management to be changed as it causes loss due too unabated corruption and mismanagement.
Although the Government ignored the jute sector over the years for multifarious reasons including the decline of jute goods in international market and huge loss, it has recently earned Tk.267 crore from export of jute goods in the last six months, a high official of the jute ministry said. The Jute and Textile Ministry reveals that the Government incurred a loss of Tk. 229 crore in the year 2005-2006 and Tk. 385 crore in 2006-2007. Sources said, without identifying the causes of loss in jute sector, the Government has shut down the state-owned jute mills one after another or privatised those, bringing down the number of jute mills to 14 from 77. Now only 14 state-owned jute mills are running under the Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC).


Financial Sector Review
Transportation, infrastructure
services need restructuring

UNB, Dhaka

Public entities in transportation and related infrastructure services need restructuring like the recent corporatisation of nationalised commercial banks (NCBs), suggested Bangladesh Bank's independent Policy Analysis Unit (PAU).
The PAU also suggested restructuring of public entities beyond financial sector, including distribution of energy products and traditional industrial units.
The policy recommendations were put forward at the PAU's half-yearly Financial Sector Review (FSR) released on Thursday.
Meanwhile, the government has initiated discussions on corporatisation of state-run Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) and already made some progress in offloading shares of Jamuna Bridge, Communications Ministry sources said.
"Though the recent corporatisation of three NCBs is a step in the right direction, continuous efforts are needed to address the issues of reorganisation and restructuring of publicly-owned entities," said the FSR.
The current issue of the FSR presented a comprehensive assessment of the recent developments in the financial sector, keeping in view the monetary policy stance of the Bangladesh Bank announced in January 2008 and the recent macro-financial developments.
The FSR pointed out that the structure of the financial system remained almost unchanged except transformation of the three NCBs into public limited companies, now known as state-owned commercial banks (SCBs).
It also analysed the direct effect of financial sector policies on poverty and said the effect could be mediated through different ways, such as cost and other conditions for access to credit, level and pattern of private investment, and means of financing fiscal deficits.
"Several financial policies in Bangladesh are likely to contribute positively to poverty reduction through their efforts of directing adequate credit to structurally disadvantaged sectors like agriculture, SMEs, and the rural non-farm sector."
The review said the central bank has encouraged the commercial banks, especially the private ones, to provide credit to agriculture and other pro-poor sectors.
"The MFIs serve as important conduits to bring credit to the poor and vulnerable households in the country," it said, adding that the Bangladesh Bank also introduced a refinancing scheme for loans for low-cost housing.
The FSR said the share of SCBs in total deposit fell during Q3 2007, while the share of PCBs increased. Between December 2001 and September 2007, the share of rural deposits declined while the share of urban deposits increased from 80.4 percent to 86.9 percent.
The total deposit mobilisation by the banking system as percentage of GDP has been growing over time and stood at 43.1 percent at the end of September 2007.
It said disbursement of bank credit somewhat slowed down during the first three quarters of 2007 largely due to low demand by the borrowers. Nominal bank credit grew by 8.6 percent during the first three quarters of 2007.


Crime Watch

Man gets life for killing brothers
UNB, Sylhet

A court here Wednesday convicted a man and awarded him life term imprisonment for killing his two stepbrothers.
The court also fined the convict, Swakat Ali (35), Tk 25,000, in default, to suffer one year more RI.
According to prosecution, Swakat Ali hit his stepbrother Ayub Ali with a sharp weapon following past enmity, leaving him injured at Dumka village in Goainghat upazila on March 6,2005.
Swakat also hit his another stepbrother Mahmud Ali when he came to save his brother Ayub, leaving him injured.
The injured were admitted to Osmani Medical College Hospital where the two siblings-Mahmud and Ayub Ali succumbed. A case was filed.
After examining records and 16 witnesses, district and session judge Md Abdul Gafur handed down the verdict.

One jailed for life
BSS, Sirajganj

One Delsat Ali was sentenced to life term improsonment by a court here on Thursday for killing his brother- in-law (sister's husband), Joynal Abedin.
Sirajganj District and sessions judge ABM Nizamul Haque delivered the verdict in absence of convict Abedin in a crowded courtroom yesterday. The court also fined him Taka 5,000,in default, to suffer six months more in prison.
The prosecution story, in brief, is that the convict Delsat Ali, 28, in a family dispute, stepped his brother-in-law Jonyal Abedin,35,at his belly by knife on May 27,1995.Joynal died after five days of his admission to a clinic in the town.
Joynal elder brother Shahab Ali filed a case at Kazipur thana accusing Delsat Ali.
The convict have been absconding since the incident.
The Police submitted charge-sheet before the court accusing Delsat Ali after investigation.
After examining witnesses and evidence, the judge of the court handed down the verdict.
From Source, the law enforcers arrested them with Tk 7 thousand.
 
Six netted for bribery, stealing
BSS, Rangpur

The joint forces in separate drives arrested six persons including officials and employees for bribery and stealing VGF rice from Panchagarh and Nilphamari districts on Thursday evening, police sources said.
The sources said the joint forces of Panchagarh Army camp conducted a sudden raid at District Land Record Office and arrested Office Assistants Zarif Uddin (52) and Bijay Das (42) and their broker Litan (22) red-handed while taking bribe from a civilian.
The joint forces team led by Major Shafiq also recovered Tk 7,000 bribe money from their possessions and later handed them over to Panchagarh Sadar police station at night.
In another drive, the joint forces of Nilphamari Army camp arrested three persons including an engineer of Syedpur pourashabha in Nilphamari for stealing VGF rice on Thursday evening.
The arrested persons were identified as Mechanical Engineer of Syedpur Pourashabha Morshedul Islam Morshed (39) and two employees of his section Mujahid (36) and Monwarul Islam (35).
The joint forces arrested the criminals and seized red-handed two sacs stolen VGF rice from their possessions while they were distributing VGF rice among 500 distressed people at Syedpur pourashabha premises.

35 maunds jatka seized
BSS, Barisal

A mobile court, led by first class Magistrate Mahbubul Karim, in a drive seized 35 maunds of jatka from the fisheries landing center in Barisal on Thursday.
The owner of the jatka fled away sensing the presence of the mobile Court. The drive was conducted on the basis of a secret information and seized the jatka.
A total of 140-kilograms of jatka were distributed free of cost among the three madrasas, orphanage and the Barisal central jail.
The rest jatkas were sold in an open auction at Tk 55,550 and the money was deposited to revenue department.n
Fertiliser seized
UNB, Comilla
Police seized 855 sacks of fertiliser from Baghmara in Sadar Dakkhin upazila of the district Wednesday night.
Police said they raided the area following a tip-off that Hanif Majumder and Obaidul Haq hoarded various types of fertilisers for smuggling.
Police arrested Hanif Majumder but Obaidul managed to flee from the spot. They are not authorised dealers of fertiliser, police said.
A case was filed.

34 persons busted
BSS, Rangpur

Police arrested a total of 34 persons including notorious criminals on different charges from various places of eight upazilas in the district last night.
Police said the arrested persons included listed terrorists, drug smugglers, addicts, convict, gamblers and accused persons in different cases, rapists, drug-peddlers, muggers, thieves, extortionists and other anti-social elements.
Police also recovered huge quantities of narcotics substances including ganja, mini ganja packs, phensidyl, locally produced wine, stolen and robbed goods and other illegal things during the drives. Police arrested absconding convict Ohab, 48 of village Char Durgapur, Killer Badsha, 21, of village Kuri- Biswa, thief Zahidul, 35, of village Shyampur, drug traffickers Mostak Ahmed, 30 and Abul Kalam, 32 with 205 bottles of phensidyl during the period. Kotwali police arrested 12 persons, Gangachara three, Taraganj three, Badarganj one, Mithapukur eight, Pirganj one, Pirgacha three and Kawnia police arrested three persons during the drives.
The arrested persons were sent to jail hajat when police produced them before different Rangpur courts today, police said.

Dacoities on picnic buses
A Correspondent, Naogaon

Two daring dacoities took place on busses of two picnic parties respectively on February 10 and 11in the district.
On February 11 passengers of a picnic bus was robbed at Khotapara in Sapahar upazila in the district.
Fifteen mobile phone sets, three cameras and about Tk forty thousands in cash were looted by the dacoits. It has been reported that, during the robbery passengers were also injured as they were tortured.
In another incident on February 10, two busses carrying a picnic party consisting students, teachers of Nanda upazila Shaheed Mamun High School and College were attacked by decoits on Naogaon-Badalgachi Road as they were returning from Rangpur.
Twelve sets of mobile phones, four wrist watches, twelve vories of gold ornaments, Tk thirty thousand in cash were reported to be robbed.
Beauty, Polly and Sima, three female students, reported to be injured during the dacoity.

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Editorial

Recent Rise in Crimes

An important factor to be taken into consideration in tackling crimes, is the role and efficiency of law-enforcement agencies such as the Police. As with all our state institutions, the Police too were formed by the British - their role that of coercion. In an independent Bangladesh the Police are used not merely coercively but also violently. Not only that but the Police are also highly corrupt using institutions and processes for personal gains in so organized a manner that such activities could quite easily be termed "organized crime". This was quite clearly recognized by the IGP when he commented that most criminals commit crimes with the knowledge of the Police or have links with them - this while speaking at a foundation laying ceremony of Katiadi model police station in Kishoreganj on 27 February 2008. One has but to cursorily glance through the Police Act of 1861 and its child, the Police Regulations of Bengal 1943 to grasp how irrelevant these acts and regulations are to the political, social and economic realities of Bangladesh and yet these are adopted and adapted in Bangladesh because successive governments and regimes - democratic or otherwise - have found it convenient to use the Police for political purposes and gains through the use of these regulations. Therefore, unless we look at, not mere change or reform, but a complete reorganization of the structures, rules, acts and regulations of the Police, criminals and crimes will always stay a step ahead of law-enforcement.
More pertinently as the Nations economic and social conditions go into a steep nose-dive, crimes of all sorts, particularly violent ones, are on a steep rise, all over the country but more so in large urban areas where victims with money are more readily available and vulnerable. Crimes during times of economic and social dislocations are not merely the preserve of law-enforcement agencies or of the judiciary; it then becomes a matter for the State to resolve through economic and social measures - both short and long term - which will permit people to earn a living lawfully as well as provide them with an environment which is safe and secure for both life, livelihood and property.
The rapid increase of crimes during recent times ought to have been an indicator of the social and economic malaise inflicting our Nation but unfortunately the Government finds it more comfortable to view it as a law and order problem. The "law and order" point of view is not only not going to solve the problem, it is going to aggravate it further because the root causes are not being paid attention to and tackled in a practical and constructive manner. Unless economic and social measures are thought out and implemented determinedly, social and economic disintegration will continue and crimes will keep on rising.


 The Buriganga Tragedy

A large number of people, mostly women and children, died when a overloaded passenger launch capsized in the Buriganga river on Thursday afternoon. The motor launch was going to Munshiganj from Sadarghat of the capital with more than 150 passengers. When it reached near Pagla a cargo vessel loaded with sand hit it from behind and the launch sank instantly. As many as 39 bodies were recovered on Thursday and Friday while many more were still reported missing.
This latest launch accident is tragic indeed. It is more so, because the fatal accident took place in broad daylight in absolutely fine weather condition. Accidents in waterways are nothing new in the country, but normally those take place due to head-on collision between two vessels in the darkness of night, or if the weather is rough and a vessel is caught in the storm. But there was no such reason or situation behind the Thursday's accident. It was clearly the carelessness of the driver of the cargo that led to the accident which could easily be avoided.
Before this, the last launch accident occurred in the Buriganga on 20 February 2005 and at least 149 lives were lost in it. In another accident on 21 April 2004 a total of 138 people died when a passenger launch capsized in the Buriganga near Fatullah.
A report published earlier in the TBT revealed that as many as 5862 people died in 506 major launch disasters at different places of the country over the 28 years till May 2005. In one of the major accidents 400 passengers lost their lives when a launch capsized in the Meghna river near Chandpur in 1986. It was a matter of relief that no major launch disaster took place during the last two years. But that sense of respite came to an end on Thursday.
According to informed sources the major causes of the accidents include design and structural faults of the launches, inefficiency and negligence of the drivers, carrying of passengers beyond capacity, transportation of goods in passenger launches, overloading and violation of Marine Act etc. The number of river craft in operation in the country is over 20 thousand, but only 8800 of them are reportedly registered under the Marine Act.
Whenever a launch accident takes place, all including the administration, media and public become vocal for steps to stop such accidents and punishment for those responsible. But after a few days every one forgets everything leaving only the relatives of the victims to bear the brunt of the tragic deaths of their loved ones in the accidents.
According to experts, one of the main reasons for the launch accidents is lack of any stringent law and, worse still, non-implementation of whichever law is in force to punish those responsible for the accidents. To prevent recurrences of accidents in the waterways tougher laws should be enacted with provisions for awarding punishment to those responsible for the accidents and payment of adequate compensation to the victims by the owners of the vessels concerned.

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Analysis

A Day of a Day Laborer

A patch of dark cloud is hovering on our sky---any moment the cloud may gather strength and swirl into a horrific cyclone!

Maswood Alam Khan

During the last two years I have been fortunate to see people and places in Barisal and Khulna divisions from a close point of view, thanks to my place of posting. Every time I met a family in a rural area or a vendor in a village market I made attempts to empathize with their pains and pleasures, but mostly in vain.
My colleagues, especially the driver of my jeep, initially used to feel queasy whenever I tried to mix up with a poor guy in a village or an urchin on the street or an ear picker strapping around his neck a bag of ear scoops and medicines, whose job is to clear people's ear-canals of wax. My driver would frown at my behavior whenever I broached with a stranger the subject of his living---how much he earns a day, what was his breakfast in the morning, how many hens are there in his house which lay eggs etc. To be honest, I picked from my father this queer habit of prying into privacies of common people, a habit not so safe when you talk to a stranger---there is a chance you are misconstrued or even mishandled if you don't know how to befriend the guy before you knock at his private door.
One day my driver said: "Our previous boss never ever came out of this jeep while crossing on a ferry boat during his official tours and if he needed something to eat or drink he would have asked me to fetch it." I could understand the message he wanted to convey to me.
Lest my driver's vanity is hurt by dilution of his boss's personality I used to avoid him in the afternoons when I would drive myself to a far flung area where after a little bit of walking here and there, would enter a tea stall to relish an evening tea sitting very close to poor people with none of my acquaintances around to eavesdrop my hobnobbing with them. Sitting with the underprivileged was not always a pleasant experience.
One favorite spot in Barisal for my relaxing in the evenings was a tea stall near Kalizira Bridge, an half an hour drive from downtown. Customers who frequented the stall were mostly wage laborers, more known as day laborers. They used to know me by my face, but I never disclosed to them my profession as a banker. Perhaps they guessed I was one of those drivers---eying at my way of wearing a white T-shirt, a simple trouser and a pair of sandals.
We humans cannot afford to remember each and every detail of our bygone days. But there are events and faces which you cannot really afford to erase from your memory. We love to store those reminiscences in the deep freezer of our mind the way we store in our refrigerator beans to keep them fresh. A picture, a news item or even a faint smell serves as a thread to open the lid of a virtual urn storing one of those unforgettable faces or events we encountered in the distant past.
The other day I was traveling by Sundarban Express---a nice train newly imported from Indonesia---sitting on a well-upholstered window-side chair for a ten-hour whole-night journey from Dhaka cantonment to Khulna. I was truly upset as I was reading a news item on 'how people are being debt-ridden while meeting their food expenses' on the front page of a Bangla evening newspaper "Diner Sheshey" I bought for a paltry Taka two from a vendor.
According to an economist Dr. Khaliquzzaman, as the boxed news item narrated, there are seventy million people in our country whose daily income is unbelievably less than Taka thirty---who have been described by the reporter as almost dead but only with a little pulse of life. Some of them are cashing their savings and others taking microloans from NGOs at high rates of interest for buying food.
A person in the present day market of abnormally high prices needs to spend Taka 37 for his/her one meal of steamed rice, lentil soup and mashed potato (sounds pretty delicious to a foreigner when described in English though), which are "bhat, daal and aloo bharta" in Bangla that represents a poor man's dish devoid of bare calorie needs a human being can live on.
No coarse rice at lesser than Taka 30 a kilo is available in the market, one liter edible oil is selling at Taka 110, one kilo ata (course flour) at Taka 43, mashur daal (lentil) at Taka 78, potato at Taka 15. That translates into Taka 148 for a family of four to consume 400 gram of rice, 50 gram lentil, 250 gram potato, 50 gram edible oil---all for two meals (lunch and dinner) and an additional 150 gram of coarse flour for breaking their fast in the morning. Fish or meats are simply out of their dreamland. This family of four living in a rural area perhaps has only one earning member who must find a regular work at least as a day laborer for Taka 150 a day. But a day laborer does not return home every day with a smile!
As Sundarban Express was racing at a very high speed on its broad-gauge track threading its way through the nocturnal panorama I made an attempt to forget the news on the plights of people living on 'bhat, daal and aloo bharta' while gazing through the windowpane at the fleeting scenes of darkish trees and bushes under a moon-lit sky. But my powerless mind, lulled by rocking rhythms of the train, traveled two years back to an evening at the tea stall near Kalizira Bridge in Barisal.
My intention behind visiting the tea stall near the Kalizira Bridge was not for my mere longing to taste a tea, but also for a chance to blend with the commoners---to know them, to hear them, to live and breathe their way of living. I also tried to speak with them in their dialect that I defectively picked during my sojourns in Barisal; but they would ridicule my weird use of their vernacular.
More I wanted to be informal with them more they behaved formally. I could not really make them open their hearts to me. They rather wanted to show off their best as if they were the happiest people in the neighborhood. I knew with political upheavals and unending 'hartals' wrecking the whole country during that time they were passing miserable days with no work, no income; but I failed to make them vent out their pains. They perhaps did not like the idea of disclosing themselves as inferior to me.
My hunt however struck gold one evening. Conversation of two intimate friends---both of them day laborers---who sat just behind my back at the tea stall opened for me a rare window to pay a surreptitious visit to their homesteads and partly experience their haplessness from the comfort of my sipping a tea in the stall. What I overheard is difficult to narrate, anyway.
They come to visit the tea stall in the evening only on those days when they get a job of day laboring. They are basically helping hands to a mason. None of them owns any cultivable land and their only earning is from laboring mostly at the construction sites in the town. One of them has a milking cow which provides a little additional income from selling its milk. That evening, both the friends were happy as they worked as picketers for a political party and earned Taka one hundred each in addition to their free lunch.
One friend lost his wife a few weeks back who died from giving birth to his second child. He terribly misses his wife especially at dawn when he milks his cow. "Why when milking your cow?" his friend enquired. "My wife is no more there to chase away mosquitoes." the widower answered.
I could not really make out what he was meaning by his wife's chasing away mosquitoes. Later, I came to learn that it is very important to keep a cow steady when she is hand-milked---a job done by one pulling down on the teats of the cow's udder to squirt milk into a bucket and another brushing the cow's body with a 'gamsa' (towel) to chase away mosquitoes so that the cow does not tweak or kick the bucket of milk to rid itself of biting mosquitoes.
But words in a hushed voice of one of the friends that made my heart heavy illustrated something different. "Dear friend, I hardly skip any of my five prayers nowadays. After milking my cow at the small hour of night I rush to the mosque to say my 'fazr' prayer." "You solicit God's blessings for your departed wife?" his friend asked. "Yes." "What else do you beg every morning at the end of your 'fazr' prayer?" His whispered voice replies: "Allow me, Allah, to get a work for the day. I don't want to come back home in the morning to hear my daughter ask: 'Abbajaan, you didn't get any work today?"
This widower is perhaps one of our seventy million people who as wage laborers earn less than Taka 30 a day on an average---as was surmised by the economist Dr. Khaliquzzaman and reported in the Bangla evening newspaper "Diner Sheshey". Soaked in sweat, they toil with their stooped shoulders and shrunken bodies. Many of these destitute laborers have to return home most of the days finding nobody to buy their labor or many of them are not strong enough to perform everyday a strenuous job as they subsist on diets like 'bhat, daal and aloo bharta' that are too poor in caloric value to endow them with strength---affecting their health, productivity and sense of hope. A day for a day laborer without any scope to sell his labor means absolute hunger for his whole family. These humans deemed beasts by us go to bed hungry on many more nights than filled.
With recession looming large in the world, hiking prices of daily necessities crippling the poor, inefficiency on the part of our market overseers failing to control prices, starvation seems staring in the eyes of our poor people and the shadow of destitution hanging over their hovels. A patch of dark cloud is hovering on our sky---any moment the cloud may gather strength and swirl into a horrific cyclone!n

(Maswood Alam Khan, General Manager, Bangladesh Krishi Bank.
E-mail: maswoodalamkhan@gmail.com )


 Kosovo, Israel and Palestine

Like the Israelis, the Serbs are also immersed in their past. For them as for us, history is more important than the present. The future is a hostage of the past.

Uri Avnery

A Serbian is driving down the highway in the wrong direction, listening to music on the radio. Suddenly the program is interrupted by an urgent announcement: "Warning! A crazy driver on the highway is going in the wrong direction!"
"Only one?" the Serb exclaims, "All of them!"
"Wow!" the thought crossed my mind when a Serbian friend told me this joke, "How much they resemble us!"
And indeed, much as Serbs are different from Israelis, it seems that we have a lot in common. Both peoples believe that "the whole world is against us". Both are completely convinced that they are absolutely in the right, even when everybody else is telling them otherwise.
Like the Israelis, the Serbs are also immersed in their past. For them as for us, history is more important than the present. The future is a hostage of the past.
Many centuries ago, the Serbs lived in Kosovo. According to them, that patch of ground was the cradle of their nation. There, in June 1389, the defining event of their history took place: the great battle against the Ottoman Turks. The fact that the Serbs were decisively beaten does not diminish the memory. It also does not matter to them that afterward, a people of Albanian descent took root in the country. In their eyes, the people that has now been living in Kosovo for many centuries is "foreign", the country is "the patrimony of our forefathers" and "belongs to us because our religion (the Eastern Orthodox) says so." Doesn't that sound at bit familiar?
In World War II, the feeling of solidarity between Serbs and Jews was cemented. Our heart was, of course, with the courageous partisans. The Jews who succeeded in reaching Tito's liberated areas were saved from the Holocaust. Serbs and Jews were murdered together in the Croatian concentration camps, which were so gruesome that even SS officers shuddered when they visited them. The death of Tito and the collapse of his regime did not put an end to the feeling of solidarity. On the contrary. Our Rightists fell in love with Slobodan Milosevic. Ariel Sharon supported him publicly. Perhaps he liked the combination of deeplyvfelt victimhood and merciless brutality. All this explains the mixed feelings many Israelis have toward the declaration of independence of Kosovo.
I am afraid that in this matter, too, my views diverge from those of many other Israelis. My heart was with the masses of Albanian Kosovars who rejoiced and danced this week in the streets of Pristina. They reminded me of the masses celebrating in the streets of Tel Aviv some 60 years ago, when the UN General Assembly decide to set up a Jewish state (It also decided to set up a Palestinian-Arab state, but that has been well-nigh forgotten.)
This week, people throughout the world are debating the question: Do the Kosovars have the right to a state of their own - or not? International law is being analyzed, possible precedents examined, learned arguments raised pro and contra.
To me this seems irrelevant. When a population decides that it is a nation, behaves like a nation and fights like a nation - well, then it is a nation and has the right to its own nation-state. That is the only test that counts. And the Kosovars have stood this test. Therefore, there is a Kosovar nation, and it has a right to a state. Long Live the Republic of Kosova!
The midwife of the independent Republic of Kosovo was the genocidal Milosevic. When he decided to carry out a murderous ethnic cleansing and to drive out millions of Kosovars from their country, he put an end to the right of Serbia to go on ruling Kosovo. It proved again how right Thomas Jefferson was when he demanded, in the American Declaration of Independence, "a decent respect for the opinion of mankind".
Milosevic, like his admirer Sharon, had only contempt for the opinion of mankind. They were both wrong. as was Stalin when he asked contemptuously: "How many divisions has the Pope?" The establishment of the Republic of Kosovo is a punishment for Milosevic, much as the establishment of Israel was a revenge on Adolf Hitler - even if it was the Palestinians who paid the price. The conscience of mankind was outraged by the monstrous expulsion, and this time it did have divisions - or at least squadrons. The US Air Force bombed Serbia and compelled Milosevic to stop the despicable operation. The Kosovars returned to their homes, and since then independence was only a matter of time.
The lesson of the Kosovo chapter is simple: Since World War II, one can no longer commit genocide without the conscience of the world being aroused and action taken to stop it. Sometimes this happens late, even shockingly late, but in the end the selected victim will stand on his feet again.
A more general question arises: When does a national minority have the right to secede and establish a nation-state of its own? If the Kosovars have this right, why not the Basques in Spain? The Corsicans in France? The Tibetans in China? The Tamils in Sri Lanka? The Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria? The Luo in Kenya? The Darfurians in Sudan?
That is a subject best left to professors of political science. Reality has its own language. No one case is the same as another. There is no international tribunal to decide, according to established standards, who has this right - and who does not. The matter is decided in practice: when a particular population is determined to achieve independence at any cost, and when it is ready to fight and sacrifice for its independence - then they have the "right" to independence.
The aspirations of a minority depend also on the attitude of the majority. A nation that is wise enough to treat its national minorities with decency and accord them real equality will succeed in keeping the state intact. Countries like Canada and Belgium understand this and endeavor to prevent the breaking up of the state. But when the dominant people mistreat the minority - as the Serbs did in Kosovo and the Russians are doing in Chechnya - they reinforce the motivation to achieve independence.
* Yugoslavia has broken up, and now even Serbia has broken up. The unity of Canada and Belgium is fragile. Kenya is breaking apart between ethnic units ("tribes"). In many place around the world, minority peoples are dreaming about new nation states of their own.
* Apparently, a paradox. A small state, even a medium-sized state cannot maintain real independence in a world that is inevitably moving towards globalization. States like Germany and France are compelled to transfer large chunks of their sovereign powers to regional superstates, like the European Union. The French economy and the German Army are subject to Brussels more than to Paris and Berlin. So what is the sense in creating even smaller states?
The answer lies with the power of nationalism, which is not decreasing, but rather the opposite. One hundred or two hundred years ago, Corsica could not defend itself. To be secure, it had to be part of the French kingdom. The Basque homeland could not sustain an independent economy and needed to be part of a larger economic unit, like Spain. But today, when decisions are made in Brussels, why should Corsicans and Basques not have their own states and be separate members of the EU?
That is a worldwide tendency. Separate nations do not unite in new states, but on the contrary, existing states break up into national components. Anyone who believes that Israelis and Palestinians will unite tomorrow in one state does not live in the real world. The slogan "two states for two peoples" is relevant today more than ever.
So Israel, approaching its own 60th anniversary, should recognize the Republic of Kosovo and wish it well.

Source: www. arabnews.com


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Viewpoints

Feeding a Global Trade Opportunity

Rising food prices might also create an opportunity to break an international logjam on agricultural policy and reinvigorate stalled global trade talks.

Lee Hudson Teslik

Prices of foodstuffs, particularly basics like wheat and corn, are spiking worldwide (Economist), ending a three-decade trend of price decline. The shift could hold myriad consequences, including some very worrisome ones for parts of the developing world. Yet analysts detect a silver lining-rising food prices might also create an opportunity to break an international logjam on agricultural policy and reinvigorate stalled global trade talks.
Hope springs from the fact that higher food prices are forcing many countries to adjust their thinking on agricultural import tariffs to try to maintain steady food supplies. The Wall Street Journal recently reported that the European Union, long one of the world's most protected agricultural markets, will for the first time remove import duties on cereal. Meanwhile, China and several other large emerging countries such as India, Brazil, South Korea, Nigeria, and Russia have cut import tariffs to prevent food shortages.
Both the United States and the United Nations project food prices will remain high, at least for the next year. Should these predictions hold true, economists say food prices may well continue to prompt tariff reductions, which are seen as the best way to promote increased production (Marketplace). Countries scrambling to fill grocery shelves may be willing to bend where they haven't previously. If major exporters start exporting less, this in turn could make farm industries in developed countries like the United States feel less threatened by imports. In the Journal article cited above, Peter Mandelson, the EU trade minister, notes a shift already afoot: "There's much less of a need for protectionism than when we started [the Doha Round of global trade talks] in 2001."
It remains to be seen whether this dynamic could revive multilateral trade talks like the Doha Round, which has been stalled by the unwillingness of crucial states to substantially reduce agricultural tariffs. Trade officials from the major parties to Doha, including Mandelson and U.S. Trade Representative Susan Schwab, say they will meet in Geneva before June. But many obstacles stand in the way of rapid progress on the Doha talks. For starters, the U.S. Congress is working on a new farm bill that seems unlikely to produce major cuts (The Hill) in farm subsidies. But Jake Caldwell of the Center for American Progress calls it an opportunity for the United States "to boost its economic leadership and increase international market access for competitive U.S. farmers."
Yet opinion in Washington remains starkly divided. One trade expert and one representative from the American Farm Bureau discuss whether the United States should cut its farm subsidies in a recent CFR.org Online Debate. More basically, discussion of the merits of free trade itself remains highly politicized on Capitol Hill, and the recent expiration of President Bush's "fast-track" trade promotion authority means any potential multilateral trade deal would be subject to congressional markups. None of this would prevent trade deals from proliferating in the developing world. The question raised by experts like CFR's Jagdish Bhagwati is whether the United States will be a part of these deals.

(Lee Hudson Teslik is Assistant Editor of Council of Foreign Relations. Source: www.cfr.org)


Afghanistan: Defeat or victory?

If they did not come trying to impose their "odious" ways on us! What right do we have to go there?

Debbie Menon

THE Pashtuns are perhaps the only logical and perhaps a possible path to "peace" in Afghanistan... if, you perceive "peace" to mean an end to hostilities, particularly hostilities involving foreigners, the US, UN, NATO and the forces of the "willing coalition", a motley collection of US lackeys, in Afghanistan.
Why should the Pashtuns even be considered? Logically, the only option because of their disproportionately high number in comparison to the others, say, the Tajik, Uzbek, etc.
Eventually, of course, the US and the "willing coalition" will have to make some accommodation with the Pashtun, as well as the other tribes and peoples, and the fighting will end,..for them, for now, and they will call it "peace," and a victory for themselves.
The politics and practices of the Taleban movement which emerged in Afghanistan was almost purely theological, but its foreign policy was not in accord with Western wishes, and therefore became distasteful to Western political minds, who interpreted and identified the most severe of the fundamentalist's practices as examples of an undesirable and despicable government. All coins in the American realm have, of course, only one side!
The Taleban movement in Afghanistan, as well as theological government in almost any other place it is found, is hardly different in principle from the Puritan movement in England, the persecution of which inspired the Puritan Pilgrimage to America. It is in principle, that same type of government which we see George Bush and others attempting to establish in the US, although I would suspect that Afghan Taleban are more sincere and faithful in their theological motivation and lack the depths of hypocrisy of the American Puritan Pilgrims and the George Bush neo-Christian Right.
I am sure that Muslim women, and Taleban women in particular, do not have all the "freedoms" of some of the women in Western culture, but do we have to look too far to find the pot calling the kettle black? My objection in this aspect, is that the black pot is painting and casting the kettle even blacker than it actually is.
Having lived in an Islamic country for 20 years where many women wear the headscarf, many wear a more severe and formal dress, and some wear the full garb. And greater many also wear nothing at all of that nature! I have yet to hear any woman or husband, complain or protest. No one and nothing makes them dress the way they do, except convention, the same determinant behind how me and my sister, those women in Afghanistan, and anywhere else dress.
Having lived in an Arab country, surely I am aware that most of the Secular Ruling and Leading Religious class crimes against the people are committed out of secular motivation, invoked and enforced by ideological interpretations in contravention of the theological laws.
Yes, the Taleban did punish deviation from the ideological/ theological norms. Women were whipped for the way they dressed, and men were beaten for shaving. What would happen in New York if you or I were to perform some severe aberrant violation of American custom? We would be punished according to local law! Perhaps by Taleban standards, an inadequate punishment... but then, different strokes for different folks?
Would they want Taleban coming into their countries and advising them on how to punish their thieves, rapists, spousal and child abusers, and murderers? Why should they invite 'us' into theirs to advise them by our standards?
How would they like Taleban to come to their home and tell them how to vote, dress, behave, whether they could go to school or not, and punish them if they missed Church, Synagogue or Mosque at the prescribed times?
If they did not come trying to impose their "odious" ways on us! What right do we have to go there?
As I recall, one of their greatest crimes was blowing up some ancient statues which they considered offensive to their religious interpretations. Well, it happened in their own country, and they were the sovereign government. Oh, the other big crime was their refusal to come to terms with an offer from Unocal and Exxon to build some kind of pipeline from Uzbekistan to Pakistan. Perhaps they refused to accept the bribes and blowback, and offended some important people.
But we worked that one out didn't we, with the current Free and Democratic Government which the people were so happy, with an assist from us, to vote into office after the Taleban left?
Apply those shoes to some Afghan Taleban they will fit no better on those other feet.
I have read recently about the removal of some religious icons from the public schools, Federal Court Houses and other public places in America, and the banning of Religious ritual in Public Places. No one seems to be as excited about those things as they purported to be about the statues. Principle?
As an aside, I might note that in the Muslim country that I lived in, their Municipal Counsels, and Federal Governments, and all local businesses, spend millions of Dirhams each year decorating buildings, markets and shopping Centers with lights, banners, tinsel, false snow, crucifixes, crèches and crosses to celebrate the great Christian event 'Christmas' the birthday of the Christian prophet. They are not allowed to do that in the Great Christian Nation the United States of Ambiguity.
I think the best solution is something like this....
"You leave us alone and we will leave you alone. We can trade and do business if you like (but don't encourage us to go into the poppy agriculture industry because we have traditions which prohibit such trade) and don't tell us how to live, and we will not tell you how to live. And, if you find our ways odious, or if we find your ways odious, then you can leave us alone, and we will get along without your trade, as I am sure you can get long without ours. Just stay home, and don't come over here interfering with us, or we will bring grievous hurt upon you!"
Afghanistan, to me at least, evokes the image of a cowering battered, bruised, bloodied and disheveled woman, chained, and at the mercy of her captors. Perhaps I have too vivid an imagination.
I suspect a lot of this is in Wikipedia. But, then, the writing in Wikipedia is not very exciting, is it!
Afghanistan? Back in the days of Marco Polo, which was not his real name but Western historians have seldom got such irrelevant facts correct anyway, one of the main trade routes between East and West ran smack through Afghanistan, up the Khyber Pass and on into Asia. This narrow and arduous passage on such a great and valuable road made Afghanistan an important player in what was then considered the all-important game of World Trade. They were the gatekeepers, and toll collectors, on the Gate between East and West. Whoever controlled them, or their gate, controlled world trade. Considered by most of the "First World" countries, at the time, as ignorant hillbillies who made a living kicking sheep and goats up and down hill all day, they were considered a pushover for domination.
Many countries tried it over the centuries; some of which no longer exist; but Afghanistan is still there., and most of the "leading" and advanced countries in the world still see them as a backward nation of sheep and goat kickers. Few of them have ever studied why Afghanistan has never, for long, come under the domination of any foreign nation, and have sent so many of them home, tail between their legs with noses bleeding.
Afghanistan is now the low-cost source for the majority of the illicit drugs traded in the most profitable industry, next to warfare, in the modern world and, as a nation of ignorant hillbillies, they are a sitting duck for any ambitious nation or group who wants to come by and knock them off.
The fact that they lie directly in the path of what some people see as a new trade route for oil and gas, is simply reminiscent of the old days of caravansary and camel glory.
No one has yet figured exactly how a nation of such disorganisd and ignorant, backward hillbillies has been able to defeat and repel some of the mightiest nations in the world, but many are still sending armed envoys there to find out.
It seems that no matter how much blood flows in this school, how many bodies fail the course, no one has discovered the secret.

Source: www.khaleejtimes.com


Blair's hopes of leading Europe are doomed

Europe's history is littered with the failed ambitions of those who would wear the crown.

Simon Jenkins

E
urope's history is littered with the failed ambitions of those who would wear the crown.
The headline read, "Stop Blair: ambition to lead Europe hits fierce opposition." Forget the opposition, I wondered, what about the ambition? We thought Tony Blair hated Europe, loathed its summits and preferred the Anglo-American camaraderie of Camp David. Europe has never tolerated being led. Diversity is its glory, cantankerousness its defence. It is not a family or a community but a marketplace. Those who have sought its unity, even as a political metaphor , have come to grief.
The first man to lead Europe did so only after Antony "thrice presented him a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse." Julius Caesar died slumped in a pool of blood. His eventual successors were seen off stage as they have always been, by other Europeans, variously Huns, Goths, Franks, and Saxons.
Not until Charlemagne in the 9th century did something like a European empire re-emerge, corresponding to a remarkable extent to the original six nations of the common market. But half a century of dynastic wars and Viking raids soon destroyed it, a point glossed over by the Eurocrats who cite Charlemagne as their forebear. The key to the much-underrated Viking expansion was that it was colonial rather than imperial.
Not so the Holy Roman Empire. Its rulers rarely found peace, whether at home or overseas. The 12th-century Frederick Barbarossa ended his attempt to amalgamate Europe under the banner of the third crusade, in the course of which he drowned.
Charles V of Spain, perhaps the first true leader of a European coalition, was elected head of the Holy Roman Empire with the help of German money. But that involved the enmity of France and England, resolved by constant wars and excommunications. Charles' supremacy was supposedly "to exterminate heresy," yet he tolerated the Protestant sack of Rome and fended off the imperial ambitions of Suleiman the Magnificent, another potential ruler of Europe who conquered its eastern half and reached the gates of Vienna. In 1556, Charles wisely vanished to a monastery.
The story of 17th and 18th century Europe mirrors that of post-war Brussels, of attempts by the custodians of a big idea, in that case Popes and inquisitors, to impose a centralised bureaucracy. The House of Hapsburg believed itself dynastic ruler of Europe but was rarely accepted as such. Attempts to unify the core nations of Europe, from the Peace of Ryswick to the treaties of Utrecht, Aix-la-Chapelle and Paris, read like a catalogue of dyspeptic Euro-summits. All ended in conflict and war. Europe seemed at peace only when it stuck to trade - be it the Lombard banks, the Calais Staple or the Hanseatic League.
Edward Gibbon, writing of the fall of Rome, might have been describing his contemporary Europe when he concluded that, rather than empire, "independent states linked by a general resemblance of religion, language and manners are productive of the most beneficial consequences to the liberty of mankind."
Yet one megalomaniac after another thought he could buck the trend. Napoleon understood the concept of subsidiarity, of "nationalities freely formed and free internally," but as under all dictatorships, and the EU, things never work out that way. His European ambition, he later wrote, "will be linked to my person because I have carried its torch." Adolf Hitler approached international leadership in a similar spirit. "Never tolerate the establishment of two continental powers in Europe," he wrote.
Those who used to play the board game called diplomacy will recall that certain patterns recurred irrespective of the skill of the players. Germany always did well for a while, until everyone combined against it. Britain did best by standing aloof. The two states on the fringes of Europe - Russia and Turkey - could never win but could cause havoc.
Determinists would argue that any attempt to "lead" Europe is bound to fail for two reasons. First, its nation states, big or small, are culturally too idiosyncratic to be led by any but their own. Secondly, the mere act of trying to lead induces a putative ruler to stray "out of area" and overreach himself, as if Europe exists only against a common foe.
That overreaching also has a pattern. It seeks to control the Near East and it seeks to conquer Russia. All champions of Europe have met their fate on the roads to Moscow or Jerusalem. It is uncanny that Mr. Blair's two great failures in foreign policy - which surely disqualify him as a leader - involved alienating Russia and the Muslim world.

Source: www.hindu.com


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International

Children among 19 killed as Israel pounds Gaza
AFP, Gaza City

Israel pounded Hamas-run Gaza on Thursday, killing 10 militants, four children and four civilians, as Prime Minister Ehud Olmert vowed to make the Islamists pay a heavy price for rocket attacks.
The children, aged eight, nine, 11 and 12, were killed as they played in a field during an Israeli air strike around the northern town of Jabaliya, Palestinian medics said.
Another 12-year-old boy died of wounds sustained in a Gaza raid the previous day, and a shepherd was killed in northern Gaza.
The Israeli army said it carried out several air strikes targeting rocket-launching sites.
Palestinian medical sources said four people were killed in two separate air strikes in the northern Gaza Strip on Thursday evening.
Two of them were killed in one car driving in the north of the Gaza Strip. A third was found dead in an electricity company vehicle, which carried another Palestinian who later died of his injures, they said.
Thirty-three Palestinians and one Israeli have now been killed in two days of bloodshed, all but three of them in and around the impoverished Gaza Strip, where Israel has imposed a punishing blockade.
Among those killed have been a six-month-old baby in Gaza and a man in southern Israel who became the first Israeli victim of a Gaza rocket attack in nine months.
A Hamas gunman was also killed in an Israeli strike near the house of Ismail Haniya, the premier in the Hamas-led government that Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas fired after the Islamists seized control of Gaza in June.
Following talks with US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in Tokyo, Olmert vowed to punish Hamas for the rocket attacks despite US concerns about civilians in Gaza.
"We will make the terrorists pay a very heavy price," Olmert told reporters. "We are at the height of this battle and we will pursue it until the danger threatening residents in the south ends."
Defence Minister Ehud Barak warned that "a large-scale ground operation is being considered" and Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni urged the international community to accept such an operation.
"We don't accept arguments that there are victims in both camps, as one cannot put Palestinian terrorism that targets innocent civilians on the same footing as those who combat it, even if civilians are killed unintentionally," Livni said.
Rice said earlier she told Olmert that she supported his determination to end the Palestinian rocket attacks. "The issue is that the rocket attacks need to stop."
She is due to visit the Middle East next week as part of Washington's efforts to advance the peace process that was relaunched in late November but has made little progress since.
 


Egyptian FM blames Israel for plight of Gaza
AFP, Cairo

Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul Gheit told a high-level Israeli delegation on Thursday that Egypt blames Israel for the worsening humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, a ministry official said.
"Egypt does not accept the collective punishment meted out by Israel which worsens the suffering of those in Gaza," spokesman Hossam Zaki quoted Abul Gheit as telling the visiting delegation led by Israeli foreign ministry director general Aaron Abramovich.
In a statement Zaki said the visiting delegation also included the political adviser to Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni.
"Israel is behind the worsening humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip," Abul Gheit said, and stressed Egypt's "concern about military operations in which innocent civilians are the victims."
The Cairo talks came as Israeli forces pounded the Hamas-run Gaza Strip on Thursday, killing four children and 10 militants, and Prime Minister Ehud Olmert vowed to make the Islamists pay a heavy price for rocket attacks on Israel.
At least 28 Palestinians and one Israeli have been killed in two days of bloodshed, all but three of them in and around impoverished Gaza, where Israel has imposed a punishing blockade.


Thaksin is not 'the real PM,' Thai premier tells
AFP, Bangkok

Thai Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej told a senior US envoy Friday that Thaksin Shinawatra will not run his government from behind the scenes, now that the deposed premier has returned from exile.
Samak met Friday with Christopher Hill, the US pointman for East Asian affairs, just one day after Thaksin staged a dramatic homecoming after nearly a year and a half in self-imposed exile.
Thaksin was toppled in a coup in 2006, and a military-backed court has banned him from politics for five years.
Although Thaksin has publicly vowed "never, ever" to return to politics, he has already played a critical role in ensuring Samak's victory in elections held in December.
Many analysts say Thaksin will try to keep Samak on a tight leash.
Samak, a charismatic but combative right-winger, has bristled at suggestions that he is Thaksin's puppet, and told Hill that he hold the reins of government, according to his spokeswoman Suparat Nakbunnam.
"Today the critics say that the real prime minister has returned to Thailand, but today is my day as prime minister," Samak told Hill during their meeting, according to the spokeswoman.
Hill met with Samak just hours before he made his first official visit overseas as head of government, travelling to neighbouring Laos.
Hill also gave Samak a message to deliver from the United States to the ruling military junta in Myanmar, Thailand's neighbour and a key trading partner, she said.
Suparat declined to give details of the message, but said Samak was likely to visit Myanmar next week.
Thaksin's homecoming to rapturous crowds Thursday eclipsed Samak's profile as prime minister, sparking widespread speculation in Thai media that Thaksin was returning to keep the premier under his thumb.
Although Thaksin personally tapped Samak to lead his supporters in the last elections, the two have a prickly history.
They both served as deputy prime ministers during the late 1990s, and bickered so intensely that the revered King Bhumibol Adulyadej publicly scolded them.


Missile strike on Pakistan militant hideout kills 13
AFP, Islamabad

A suspected US missile strike destroyed an Al-Qaeda and Taliban hideout in a Pakistani tribal area Thursday, killing 13 alleged militants including several Arabs, security officials said.
Residents of Azam Warsak village in South Waziristan told AFP that a house was blown up by a missile fired from a pilotless drone and the loud blast was heard miles (kilometres) away in the rugged valley.
US drones have launched several strikes on the Pakistan-Afghanistan border targeting members of Osama bin Laden's network, although Islamabad never confirms such attacks due to issues of national sovereignty.
"A house used as a den by Al-Qaeda and Afghan Taliban militants was hit by a missile. Thirteen people were killed and around 10 were wounded," a senior Pakistani security official told AFP.
"There was no immediate information about the presence of any high-value target," the official said.
A security source based in the northwestern city of Peshawar, which adjoins the lawless tribal belt, said the missile was fired by a US drone at about 2:00 am Thursday (2100 GMT Wednesday).
Another security official said most of the dead were Arabs.
The militants were using the house as an "operational base" for attacks on NATO-led and US troops in Afghanistan, as well as a meeting place for Taliban and Al-Qaeda militants, the official said.
Armed militants cordoned off the site after the missile strike, residents said. They said four unidentified "guests" had arrived late Wednesday at the destroyed house, although their identities were not known.
South Waziristan is also the base of Baitullah Mehsud, an Al-Qaeda-linked warlord accused by Pakistan of masterminding the December slaying of former premier Benazir Bhutto, but officials said the strike was not in the area he commands.
A spokesman for the US-led coalition force based in Afghanistan said it had "no reports" that either it or the separate NATO-headed force were involved in the strike.
In its first official comment, the Pakistani military said late Thursday that the deaths were caused by an explosion at a hideout in the area.
"As per our information it was an explosion caused by explosive material in a house," chief military spokesman Major General Athar Abbas told AFP.
The blast reportedly killed 10 to 12 people, he said, adding that it was not clear if all those who died were foreigners.
Nuclear-armed Pakistan does not confirm US involvement in military action in the tribal belt since Islamabad has