sunday, february 24, 2008 , falgun 12, safar 16, 1428 a.h

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Leading News

2nd round dialogue with political parties

ALWC emergency meeting held
10-member team to join AL-EC talks tomorrow

Staff Correspondent

A-ten member team of Bangladesh Awami League led by the Acting party President Zillur Rahman will take part in the second-round talks with the Election Commission at the EC Secretariat in capital at 12pm tomorrow (Monday).
This was stated by AL Acting General Secretary Syed Ashraful Islam while talking to newsmen at the Dhanmondhi AL Office after an emergency Awami League Working Committee (ALWC) on Saturday.
"The ALWC meeting has decided to discuss some issues which were not settled earlier in the last dialogue with the Election Commission on November 4, 2007," said Ashraful Islam adding "EC and AL reached a consensus on some 80 percent issues and the rest will be discussed tomorrow."
Some prevailing issues - including immediate release of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her proper treatment, release of other detained party leaders, immediate announcement of general election’s schedule, withdrawal of the State of Emergency within the shortest possible time, resumption of indoor politics as early as possible - would dominate the ensuing dialogue between the EC and AL on Monday.
The ALWC meeting has chalked out an elaborate programmes marking three historic events - Historic March 7, the birth anniversary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mijubur Rahman on March 17 (National Children Day) and Independence Day on March 26 - in a befitting manner.
A team of AL Executive Committee members will offer dowa-munajat at the graveyard of Bangabandhu at Tungipara in Gopalganj on March 17. AL will hold separate discussion meetings in the capital on March 7, 18 and 26, as part of their programmes.
Talking to The Bangladesh Today, a senior AL leaders said, the ALWC meeting aslo discussed the upcoming bilateral dialogue between the Caretaker Government and political parties and how to gear up activities of city AL and other front organizations in this changed circumstances.
Asked about the preparation for the next parliamentary election, another WC member said, "The three-hour emergency meeting also discussed the selection of nominations for the next general polls.The meeting, in principle, agreed to ask the roots-level (wards, unions and thana) leaders to select bonafide party candidates for each constituency across the country and to place the names before the AL Parliamentary Board for final approval."
With the acting AL president Zillur Rahman in the chair, almost all senior AL leaders were present at the meeting that started at 11:20 am and continued till 2.25pm yesterday.
According to AL sources, this was the third ALWC meeting of the party after the lifting of the ban on indoor politics and keeping AL president Sheikh Hasina and the General Secretary Abdul Jalil behind bars.


Hannan Shah blames EC
UNB, Dhaka

BNP chairperson’s adviser Brig Gen (retd) Hannan Shah on Saturday blamed the Election Commission for the current deadlock in holding dialogue with BNP by taking a controversial decision on its invitation letter.
"This complex situation would not have created had the Election Commission sent the invitation letter to BNP secretary general Khandaker Delwar Hossain timely," he told reporters at his Mohakhali DOH apartment.
Hannan Shah hoped that the Commission would invite Begum Zia-appointed secretary general Khandaker Delwar for dialogue as he said BNP across the country is united under her leadership. The BNP leader said, "We believe that election is a means to hand over power. We saw in the past election under any blueprint was never acceptable."
On BNP’s unity, Hannan Shah said unity is possible if the dissident group agrees to accept before October 29 last year’s BNP. "The ball is now in the court of reformists. Unity is possible if they respect chairperson Begum Zia’s instructions," he told the reporters.
Earlier, Hannan Shah had a meeting with BNP leaders Nazrul Islam Khan, Selima Rahman, Goyeswar Roy and Mohammad Shajahan.


  BNP not yet invited
EC begins talks with political parties from today

Staff Correspondent

Keeping the BNP out of the dialogue, the Election Commission (EC) begins its second round of talks with the political parties on electoral reforms from today, Sunday, February 24.
As per schedule the EC will begin its dialogue with Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh (BDB), Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Bangladesh Sammobadi Dal on Sunday.
According to EC secretariat, it will sit separately with each political party, not with all the 15 political parties at a time. The dialogue will begin at 10.30 am and will continue till 4.10 pm everyday. Each political party will be given one and half hour for talks. A ten-member delegate from each political party has been invited for dialogue. Earlier on February 14, Chief Election Commissioner ATM Shamsul Huda announced the schedule for holding second round of talks with the political parties to finalise its proposed electoral reforms.
Later, as per schedule the EC will continue its dialogue with Workers Party, Communist Party of Bangladesh (CPB) and Awami League (AL) tomorrow, Monday, February 25, Jatiya Party (Ershad), Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) and National Awami Party (NAP) on February 26, Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab) and Jatiya Party (JP) on February 27 and Islamic Oikkya Jote (OIJ), Krishak Sramik Janata League (KSJL) and Ganotantri Party (GP) on February 28.
Earlier, declaring the schedule for second round of talks, the CEC ATM Shamsul Huda said, "During the first round of dialogue, the political parties had made some recommendations. We have examined the recommendations. Now the EC will make its stand and views clear to the political parties for holding a free, fair and credible election. If any political party disagrees with us, EC will have nothing to do. EC will do its job as per its responsibility. We think that the task will be easy as the dialogue will be held separately with each political party."
A highly placed source in the EC said the Commission expects that a court decision on holding the stalled dialogue with BNP will also come by that time. BNP Chairperson Khaleda Zia filed a writ with the High Court after the Election Commission invited Saifur Rahman-led BNP faction to join the talks and the court then issued a stay order on the dialogue with the reformist faction of BNP that was scheduled for November 22 last year. According to the source if the EC does not get the HC directive in this regard within the time it expects, it might wait for a few days more to send the draft electoral laws to the Law Ministry for finalisation.
On completion of the second round of dialogue with all the 15 political parties, the EC has a plan to send the draft electoral laws to the Law Ministry by the first week of March. According to the EC announced roadmap, the electoral laws would have to be made final by March next. Asked whether they would send the draft to the ministry without discussion with BNP in case there is no dialogue with it, the source said, it can not be said right now.


Economy in Recession
Sheikh Didarul Islam

The present economic recession in the country is likely to deepen resulting in further price spiral of essential commodities and decrease in foreign direct investment (FDI) if preventive measures are not taken as soon as possible. There is growing apprehension among the economists that the existing economic senility will take a serious turn if the government fails to improve the prevailing situation by taking necessary steps immediately.
Talking to the Bangladesh Today, renowned economist Dr. Atiar Rahman said, the country is now in grip of deep economic recession. There is no possibility of any improvement in the present crisis if policies are not formulated soon to pull the country out of recession. Economic activities have increased to some extent in the Sidr-affected areas as a result of massive foreign relief and rehabilitation work. But such activities could not contribute a lot to the national economy, he observed. Amount of foreign direct investment is not likely to rise in Bangladesh if congenial atmosphere is not created by ensuring the economic stability in the country, he added.
When contacted, chairman of the Transparency International, Bangladesh prof. Muzzaffer Ahmad said, improvement to the present economic instability depends on the next Boro and Amon crops. A handsome harvest of these crops will greatly help stabilise the economic recession. Price of essential items is on the rise despite several steps already taken by the government causing unbearable miseries to the limited income group across the country.
The rate of inflation has increased to a large extent. According to government statistics, the inflation rate has reached double digits while the economists claim that the actual sum of inflation rate has already surpassed the two-digit. It is quite hard to over come the prevailing economic recession without creating an atmosphere conducive to sound economic activities by improving the existing political situation, the economists observed.
The national economy is passing a critical time due not only to different internal problems but also frequent price spiral of essential commodities on the international market. The economist, however, said the increased inflation is not solely responsible for deterioration in the country’s economic situation. Unusual price rise and abnormal hoarding of essential items are mainly responsible for the present economic instability in the country.
The rate of growth has also decreased to some extent in the country’s manufacturing sector as a result of short fall of local and foreign investment significantly. Despite the on-going economic recession in the country, the growth rate will reach 6.20 percent at the end of the year, the Bangladesh Bank authorities hoped. On the other hand, the economists said the growth rate will at best rise to 5.80 percent.


Artefacts returned
Staff Correspondent

After 83 days the rare Bangladeshi artefacts which were sent to France for an exhibition, were brought back to the country on Saturday morning. Talking to journalists at ZIA, Rasheda K Chowdhury said two officials from Bangladesh were guarding the artefacts since December 1 last year. "We had a strict vigilance on the artefacts. If any confusion arises about the artefacts, we will examine those by the experts" she told. "Out of the total artefacts, 14 were taken from Barindra Research Museum, 10 from National Museum and 18 from Mohasthangarh, Paharpur and Moinamoti Museum," an official of France Embassy told The Bangladesh Today yesterday.
"After hours-long examination and inspection we have received the artefacts at about 11:15 am at ZIA. Then the artefacts were sent to the National Museum by home-bound courier service amid tight security," Samar Chandra Paul, Director General of the National Museum told The Bangladesh Today. "I am sure about originality of artefacts which have been brought back from Paris today, Saturday. For further confirmation about originality of the artefatcs, we are going to place the statues inside the museum immediately for the common viewers," he also said.
It may be pointed out Education Adviser Ayub Quadri resigned on December 26 in 2007 over the missing of France-bound artefacts from Zia International Airport. Following the incident the government cancelled the exhibition of the rare pieces to Paris Guimet Museum for exhibition.


Tense DU campus
F.M. Masum

A tense situation is prevailing at the Dhaka University campus as student wings of both the Awami League and BNP, along with outsider party activists are reorganizing in a bid to take control over their respective dormitories and to work in favor of their political parties during the upcoming general election. Apart from this, the BCL of AL, JCD of BNP, Islami Chhatra Shibir of Jamaat-e-Islami and other students’ fronts are also becoming very active separately.
Sources said, the leaders of the different political parties including BNP and AL have already asked the leaders of their student wings to be active in student politics across the country. Meanwhile, following the frequent activities of different political parties’ student wings, common students especially staying in the halls are very much concerned about their academic and peaceful atmosphere. There is growing apprehension among the general students that resumption of student politics on the campus will hamper the propitious environment conducive to education.
Many of the activists of different political parties, who went into hiding in the last few months, are returning to the halls and conducting political activities and they are gathering in and around the campus for showdown and everyday they are bringing out processions on the campus and forcing the general students to join in their gatherings and processions. Most of the leaders of the different halls also went into hiding for the last one year as many of them are allegedly involved in different anti-social activities including drug peddling. Talking to this correspondent, a JCD leader of Salimullah Muslim Hall, who did not want to be named, said, "the BCL leaders are trying to capture the SM Hall but we will resist any such attempt by them with the help of general students."
While talking to The Bangladesh Today, Rajan Khandoker, a BCL leader said, "the JCD activists along with the Shibir activists are trying to hamper the educational environment of the Dhaka University, but the BCL leaders and activists would protest against such attempts any how." Asked if they are forcing the general students to join their processions, another student leader said, "We are not forcing any student to join us rather they are willingly joining us to raise their voice against the oppression of the caretaker Government over the last few months."
Meanwhile, Khaled Rana, a student of Political Science of Mohasin Hall, said, "since take over by the caretaker Government, we, the general students, had a very good time as nobody forced us into political activities, but now some identified leaders of different political organisations are reorganizing on the campus and creating anarchic situation in the halls, disrupting educational environment." He said, "The caretaker Government should ban the student politics for maintaining a congenial atmosphere in the country’s educational institutions for the betterment of the country and its next generation. No political Government would be able to take such decision regarding banning the students politics as they often use the students to serve their own interests."
Talking to this correspondent, many students’ leaders said they would launch a tough movement demanding immediate release of detained former Prime Ministers Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia. It may be mentioned that the reformists and loyalists sections of AL and BNP have already engaged in confrontation several times over the control of hall politics of Kobi Jasmiuddin and Hazi Mohasin Halls.
Since the formation of caretaker Government, the campus was free from student politics as the student leaders and activists of different political party went into hiding fearing arrest by the law enforcers. Yesterday, the BCL activists brought out a procession on the campus demanding immediate release of their party President Sheikh Hasina. Afterwards at a gathering in front of Aparjaya Bangla, the BCL leaders also vowed to launch a tough movement programme including an indefinite strike in the educational institutions across the country.


Pakistan PM likely named next month
AFP, Islamabad


Pakistan’s new government, which could drive President Pervez Musharraf from office, will likely name its choice for prime minister when parliament reconvenes next month, a party official said Saturday.
The two biggest parties to emerge after Monday’s election have been weighing their choice for prime minister after agreeing to form a coalition that analysts say could place key US ally Musharraf’s political future in doubt. Officials from both parties said the frontrunner to be prime minister was Makhdoom Amin Fahim, the widely respected vice president of slain former PM Benazir Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s Party (PPP).
"There is an agreement that Fahim should be the parliamentary leader and candidate for PM but the announcement is unlikely to be made public before the parliament is convened into session, most probably in the first week of March," a senior PPP official told AFP. Another senior PPP official said earlier that Bhutto’s widower, Asif Ali Zardari, and Nawaz Sharif, whose party emerged second to the PPP, "discussed the name of Makhdoom Amin Fahim as the future premier" during a meeting.
Sharif, a former prime minister, and Zardari announced that their parties would join forces after trouncing Musharraf’s allies in the ballot. The two camps were once bitter rivals. They have agreed that the PPP would designate the next prime minister.
The first senior party official said that although Fahim was the man most likely to be named, there was no rush to make a formal announcement and internal discussions were continuing. Bhutto’s assassination at a suicide attack during a political rally in December overshadowed the election campaign. Musharraf seized power from Sharif in a 1999 coup and was seen in Washington as a bulwark against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Questions remain over whether Pakistan’s new coalition will press for the former general’s immediate ouster from office.

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Advisory council to decide
time for lifting emergency

Staff Correspondent

LGRD and Cooperatives Adviser Anwarul Iqbal said decision for lifting of emergency would be decided by the Council of Advisers considering the overall situation.
The Adviser faced a barrage of questions on emergency, price of essentials, power outage, fertilizer, stagnation of development activities, repair of infrastructure, etc at a view-exchange meeting at the DC's office on Saturday.
The meeting was part of gathering opinions of different sections of the people at all five districts of the division before the Chief Adviser Dr Fakhruddin Ahmed visits Mymensingh on February 25.
Iqbal wanted to know from the leading farmers and entrepreneurs attending the meeting about inputs for boro cultivation, power supply, food situation, employment, small and medium factories and flood control measures. He sought suggestions to resolve the problems facing the people in the district.
Shamsher Ali, a farmer, informed the Adviser that several thousand acres could not be cultivated in Nalitabari and Jhenigati upazilas for want of irrigation facility.
Monirul Islam sought for immediate employment measures for thousands of poor living in char areas.
Hakim Babul wanted the administration take effective measure to check rise in prices of essentials, which is waning popularity of the government.
Aborigine leader Kopendra Nakrek demanded repair of infrastructure damaged by the flooding in Nalitabaria upazila and measures for protection of life and crops from wild elephants.
Power outage and upazila election also came up at the meeting.
The Adviser assured their demands and views would be placed before the Advisory Council.
He said the Election Commission will decide if the parliamentary and upazila elections be held simultaneously.


August 21 grenade probe
Police taking time to avoid dispute: IG

Bdnews24, Dhaka

Inspector-general of police Noor Mohammad said on Saturday that the investigation into the August 21, 2004, grenade attack is taking "so long" to complete in order to avoid further controversy.
"There has been a lot of controversy surrounding the investigation into the August 21 grenade attack," Noor told reporters following a sports prize giving ceremony at the Shaheed Police Memorial School and College in the city.
"We do not want any more controversies. That is why the investigation is taking so long," he said.
At least 23 people were killed in 2004 in a grenade attack on an Awami League rally in front of the party's office on Bangabandhu Avenue. The inspector-general remained vague on the possibility of taking action against police officers for negligence in the investigation.
"There are cases where action could possibly be taken against senior police officials, so long as the allegations are proved," said Noor. On Feb 18, the IG said action would be taken against those responsible if any flaws were found in the grenade attack investigation, although he added that nothing would be done until the present investigation is completed.
The initial stages of the investigation led to the arrest of one Joj Miah, whose confessional statement implicated Harkatul Jihad members in the attack.
Much of the controversy of the case has centred on the validity of that confession, and subsequent police action.
When Harkatul Jihad leader Mufti Hannan was later arrested, police claimed his confessional statement also implicated the Islamist group in the attack.
The CID's investigation into the case is ongoing.
Recently, 41 grenades were recovered in Satkhira on information received from another senior member of Harkatul Jihad, Abu Jandal. Rapid Action Battallion said the seized grenades were similar to those used in the 2004 attack.


 Rural roadworkers' wages almost doubled
Bdnews24, Jamalpur

The wages of rural workers employed in improvement and maintenance of roads and infrastructure have been increased to Tk 90 from Tk 54, adviser Anwarul Iqbal said on Saturday.
"The government this year allocated Tk 53 crore for the purpose," the local government, rural development and cooperatives adviser said at a discussion meeting in Jamalpur.
The adviser added that several measures were being taken to increase rural employment opportunities. Anwarul also told Saturday's meeting that the government will do away with those municipalities that in the past were created for political reasons.
"Many municipalities have been formed only on political grounds."
"The government is formulating laws regarding municipalities, of which many will be scrapped once the law is enacted."


 RPCL move to offload share
UNB, Dhaka

A move by the Rural Power Company Limited (RPCL) to float its shares for public with an unresolved liability of about Tk 425 crore gave rise to questions among capital-market investors.
According to official sources, the RPCL, a subsidiary of the Rural Electrification Board (REB) and some Palli Bidyut Samittees (PDB), has planned to offload some of its shares on the stock market for investors. The PBSs have 49 percent shares in RPCL while REB holds the rest 51 percent.
Sources said that after the successful offloading of shares by two state-owned public enterprises in power sector-DESCO and PGCB-the RPCL took the move to come into the capital market.
Shares of both the DESCO and PGCB are being treated as hotcakes as they are making huge profits and they do not have such liabilities.
But, the move of the RPCL has created lot of questions as the company has an unresolved liability of about TK 425 crore which is payable to its terminated power-plant operator. They said offloading share with this huge unresolved liability might throw investors into a tricky situation.
The RPCL terminated its Mymensingh Power Plant's operation and maintenance (ONM) company LIPPS without maintaining the due legal process in 2005.
Following the termination, LIPPS went to a Singapore international arbitration court seeking compensation against the RPCL action. After a long hearing from both sides, the arbitration court issued its ruling in October 2006 in favour of LIPPS, asking the RPCL to pay a huge sum as compensation.
LIPPS officials claimed the compensation amount now stands at about 425 crore, including interest and other charges. Another case also still remained pending with the similar arbitration court regarding the RPCL's DNPP power project.


Crime Watch

Madrasa teacher held
A Correspondent, Barisal

Police arrested Mawlana Masum Billah, assistant teacher of Somertaban Mohila Madrasa at Port Road area of the city on Friday and was sent to jail as he was produced before court on Saturday.
Police sources said Mawlana Masum was son-in-law of Mawlana Rafikul Islam, principal and super of the institution.
Mawlana Rafik was accused for misappropriating funds, corruption and irregularities in the institution and investigation against him was going on.
Sources said Mawlana Masum was detained by local people while he was removing important documents from the institution to conceal corruption of his father in law and Madrasa principal and then handed over to police as per direction of the chairman of the Madrasa governing body on Friday.
A N M Ahmed Ali, additional deputy commissioner for education and development and chairman of the Madrasa managing committee, acknowledging the facts as he visited the institution on February 19 after receiving many allegations against the principal and teachers and found many irregularities there.
Mawlana Masum was handed over to police under section 54 for his suspicious activities in Madrasa office on holiday and 7 out of 18 teachers and staffs of the institution are relatives of Principal Mawlana Rafique.
This girl's Madrasa has classes from six to ten and only 24 girls studying in class nine and ten and no one in classes six to eight, sources added.

Mother hands over addict son
BSS, Nagesshari

A mother handed over her addicted son to police in Kurigram on Friday morning after being impatient for his in human tortures on her and the family members.
Police said Shariful Islam (25), son of late Abdul Majid of Thanapara in Nagesshari pourasabha area had been torturing her mother and other family members to realize money for purchasing wines for a long time.
The drug addicted son attacked his mother for money to purchase more wine on the day when the neighbours rushed to the spot and rescued the injured mother and caught the drug addicted son. Later, the mother handed over her son to Nagesshari police station from where he was sent to jail hajat when police produced him before a Kurigram court yesterday, the sources said.

Fake RAB held
in Bagerhat
UNB, Bagerhat

A fake captain of RAB was arrested from a residential hotel in the town Saturday.
Abdur Rashid alias Rakib, 34, resident of Akhainagar village in Sadar upazila, rented a room at Mohona hotel identifying him as a captain of RAB. On suspicion, the hotel authorities informed police who arrested him at noon after interrogation.
Police said Rashid remained fugitive after a court here earlier sentenced him in a case. He was also accused in another case.

Two held with Phensidyl
A Correspondent, Comilla

Police arrested two drug peddlers with Phensidyl at Uloin-Southpara village in Sadar Dakkin upazila on Friday night.
Police source said the arrested were identified as Md. Ibrahim (40) and Mostafa Miah (36) of the village in Sadar Dakkin uapzila, acting on a secret information police raided the area and arrested the two and recovered 260 bottles of Indian phensidyl. A case was filed with police in this connection.

96 people arrested
BSS, Rangpur

Police in separate drives arrested 96 people from different places of the district during the past 48 hours till this noon, police sources said.
Of them, Kotwali police picked up 14 persons, Gangachara five, Taraganj two, Badarganj four, Mithapukur nine, Pirganj 44, Pirgacha 11 and Kawnia five and DB police arrested two persons in the drives.
The arrested persons include absconding warrantees, convicts, accused in different cases, drug-peddlers and traffickers, antisocial elements, thieves and suspected
criminals. Police also seized huge quantities of smuggled ganja, fermented wine and phensidyl, stolen televisions, VCD and huge porno CDs, snatched goods and other illegal things during the raids.
The arrested persons were sent to jail hajat when police produced them before the concerned Rangpur courts today, the sources said.

Two revolvers,
bullets recovered
BSS, Lalmonirhat

Sadar Thana police recovered two revolvers and eight rounds live bullet from Purbo Thanapara area in the town on Friday evening, police sources said. The sources said some labourers while digging a pond of one Rubel Molla in the area found the arms and ammunition and informed the matter to police.
Being informed, a special police team rushed to the spot and seized the revolvers and bullets and took those to the police station.
After filing a general diary in this connection, police have already started investigation into the matter, the sources said.

Heroin recovered
UNB, Joypurhat

RAB and BDR members, in separate drives in the district, arrested six people and recovered huge quantity of drugs including one kg heroin Friday night.
Acting on a tip-off, BDR 29 Battalion jawans raided Parbatipur bound Rocket mail train from Khulna at dead of night and recovered one kg of heroin from a compartment in an abandoned condition.
Besides, members of RAB-5 held Champa Khatun with 22 bottles of phensidyl syrup from Bonmukh area of Panchbibi upazila.
They also arrested two drug peddlers - Momin and Sayem - along with 570 bottles of phensidyl from Diora village in Hakimpur upazila.
In another drive, the elite force seized 448 ampoules of contraband Indian pathedin injection and arrested three smugglers - Shahin, Abul Bashar and Abdul Mannan - in this connection from Pachur crossing area of the town on the same night.

Woman injured in acid attack
UNB, Sirajganj

A woman received severe burn injury as her husband allegedly threw acid on her at Barodugali village in Shahjadpur upazila on Tuesday.
The victim was identified as Lina Begum, 25, wife of Jelhaj Ali of the village. Police said Jelhaj threw acid on the victim following a family feud early in the morning.
Hearing the hue and cry of Lina neighbors rushed to the spot and took her to the local health complex. Later, following the deterioration of her condition she was shifted to Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
A case was filed.

Teenage boy found dead
UNB, Mymensingh

A teenage boy was found dead at Bhakua Beel (water body) in Iswarganj upazila on Tuesday.
The dead was identified as Sohel (14), son of Moslemuddin of Parahar village in Nandail upazila.
Police said Sohel was missing since he went out of his house Monday morning.
Later, local people found his body at the beel (wet land).
Later, police recovered the body and sent it to hospital morgue for autopsy. A case was filed.

Ganja worth Tk 50 lakh recovered
BSS, Brahmanbaria

Police arrested one person and seized phensidyl and ganja worth about Taka 50 lakh from different areas of the town on Sunday. The arrested was identified as Tahidul Islam alias Shafiq, 25, son of Nur Mia of Petoajuri in the district.
Police sources said Shafiq was arrested with 20 bottles of phensidyl from Khadurail area of Mirjapur upazila. Police, in another drive at Tetuajuri area of Champaknagar recovered 5-kg ganja from a passenger bus, the sources said.
Separate cases were filed in these connections. Robbery at expatriate's house UNB, Sylhet Armed bandits looted cash and valuables from an expatriate's house early Tuesday at Furkanchak village in Chhatak upazila of Sunamganj district.
Locals said a gang of robbers, numbering 10/12, broke open the door of the house of Shafiqul Islam, who returned from Saudi Arabia recently, at about 3am and looted cash and valuables worth over Tk 1 lakh at gunpoint.
Shafiqul Islam, who was sleeping in a nearby bungalow during the robbery, informed the villagers about the incident over mobile phone. The robbers fled the scene along with the booty when the villagers started rushing to the spot. A case was filed.

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Editorial

Three Questions Regarding Sustainability of Reforms

The starting point for any strategic policy formulation on structural changes in state institutions are three basic questions :
(1) What makes a Government legitimate, so that it will exercise "voluntary rule over voluntary subjects"?
(2) What kind of social order will people freely & spontaneously accept & support?
(3) What is meant by Justice & what basic standards of justice can be applied to the transformation of existing economic & political systems?
These are the fundamental questions that confront, and in some form must be answered by any polity. Different polities at different periods of history have answered them in different ways and any answer like the initial postulates that form the starting-points of Euclidian geometry, must consist of an ethical affirmation, not of a demonstrable truth. Thus, Liberalism begins by asserting the rights of the individual personality, which are regarded as not interchangeable with any or all other social objectives & hence of infinite value, while Conservatism postulates a belief in the organic order & unity of society. These must be recognized as hypotheses, not as dogmas or facts, and the only possible test of their validity lies in the extent of their operational application. Any refusal to recognize this necessary uncertainty by insisting that the rightness of some particular system can be rationally demonstrated leads to intolerance & persecution.
Of utmost importance to us is the recognition that a State has an ethical and moral end and that end is the realization of cultural and civilizational greatness of a nation; the state being an instrument & a conduit for the achievement of the end. State structures provide the essential foundation & framework within which the society & the nation move forward in an attempt to realize its ethical & moral mission. Such structures must balance contradictory requirements: Justice must be balanced by Utility & Necessity; Liberty & Individualism must be balanced by Order, Discipline & Law; Creativity & Innovation must be balanced by Continuity. As to why Bangladesh failed to set up such state structures is a moot question now.
One does not have to master John Locke in order to understand that politics is all about power for without power, political aims cannot be achieved. Largely, what constitutes power, how to achieve and regulate it, is defined by cultural norms of a particular society, nation or civilization. One could of course, define political power as the capability to persuade, convince, motivate and in the ultimate instance coerce large masses of people living in a defined geographical space, to accede to regulating both their individual and collective affairs through particular processes and institutions for the attainment of what is nebulously termed "National Interests".
The Emergency Government backed by the Army has radically changed the definition and balance of political power. Measures taken against corruption have resulted in disorganization of BNP and disarray of AL. To all intents and purposes the Emergency Government appears to be bent on destroying the hold, of these two political parties, on political processes (elections) and political institutions (parliament). On the other hand, the Emergency Government and the Army which backs it, do not seem to have any "End State", that is a set of conditions, the fulfillment of which will allow a return to some form of democracy or representative government. Almost certainly neither the Emergency Government nor the Army will 'exit' until it is entirely convinced that all its acts, of both commission and omission, are given blanket 'de jure' recognition by the next government, whatever be its form or structure. The question of sustainability of this Government's reform measures would, it is hoped, be taken care of by this 'ratification'. Unfortunately, that contention is incorrect, for as we have pointed out at the very beginning of this editorial, the three essential questions have not been answered satisfactorily by the Emergency Government. Under the circumstance 'the Reforms' will collapse with the departure of this Government.

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Analysis

Exterminators on our Roads and Highways

According to the Accident Research Centre (ARC) of BUET thirty-two people are killed everyday on the roads of our country.

Maswood Alam Khan

Captivated by birds and airplanes in flight in our childhood we slaked our wish of flight by hand-launching a paper-plane made of folded papers with wings and a fuselage designed on aerodynamic principles that glided in the air like a real-life aircraft---warming the cockles of our baby hearts.
Travelling in an aircraft does not really fulfil our mythical wish to fly on our own wings unless we ourselves can fly the aircraft as its captain. But, not everybody can afford to be a member of the flying club to become a pilot. And not every qualified pilot has an aircraft of his own parked at his backyard always ready to lift him up high into the sky whenever he fancies.
Flunking our attempt to pilot an aircraft sitting on its cockpit we then as adults satiated our longing to be a 'bird in flight' on an alternative mode: we drove our cars holding the steering wheel, shifting the transmission gears, pressing the accelerator and pushing the brakes while focusing on the road ahead---like an eagle hovering in the azure sky focusing on preys in quest for her food. The speed, altitude, centrifugal forces, and sensations of flying that we experience while driving our cars let us feel what it is like to be a bird or an aircraft pilot in flight. This partly explains why we love our cars, preferring this mode of locomotion to that of walking or running for which we are genealogically adapted.
Birds of prey, whose survival hinges on swiftness and who live in deep forests and earn their living by chasing down other birds and insects, have very high 'flicker fusion frequency' enabling them to react quickly when moving at high speed---an ability achieved through an evolutionary process driven by survival necessity for thousands of years---compared to humans, whose evolution did not necessitate a fast flicker fusion frequency like that of birds, nor did their evolution presage that they would have to piggyback in future on a very fast vehicle to run or fly faster than a bird. So, when we drive our cars like a flying bird, we are a fish out of water. We abscond from our natural bipedal habit for an airborne one in which we are at times out of control.
We are genetically designed to walk or run on the locomotive strength of our two legs. So, when we get behind the steering wheel of a car, we may think we have gained a bird's power of flight---a dangerous psychological illusion on the part of a human driver, if s/he is not properly educated, trained, governed, controlled and overseen. Likewise, the lady dog Laika---the first animal launched into orbit---was not expected to while away her time inside the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik-2 on her own without having undergone any training and without any remote controls from the ground station.
Pathetically, most of the motor vehicle drivers in our country are lesser trained and lesser medically screened for their ability to cope with speed than Laika, the lady dog who underwent series of trainings and medical checkups before she was harnessed with gears for her maiden journey into space.
Hundreds of our drivers embark upon their dreams to drive a truck to earn a livelihood at a minor age when they were supposed to learn lessons from schools and morals from guardians. Their prime time for games in playgrounds and for lessons inside classrooms is thus lost in the smoggy and slimy environment of trucks and buses belching out leaden fumes and truckers smiting them with spiteful scolds and unholy gestures. The first chapter of their driving lessons begins with "massaging feet, hands, back and head of their 'ustad' (master driver) when he prepares to go to sleep. The next are washing the truck, screaming warnings to drivers of other competing vehicles and doing his ustad's personal errands.
With tortuous experience on massaging human limbs, cleansing body parts of motor vehicles, and screaming nasty scolds at fellow motorists the 'helper-turning-into-driver' is suddenly ordained as a full-fledged driver---on a day when his ustad is a little tired and does not feel like driving. The new driver is now behind the wheel of a truck. He is now in the pilot's seat of a jumbo jet with turbofan engines. Speeding up is now his passion being continuously fuelled by his fantasies pent-up in a cocoon of dreams he has been knitting since the day he started his apprenticeship under the tutelage of his ustad! His dream to fly has at last come true.
The new driver was too preoccupied all his childhood dreams of driving to go to a school. He could not learn from a teacher the values of human empathy for another driver seeking a passage on the right side of his speeding truck. Neither could he afford time to read a story with a moral or hear words from a leader with a message that could instil into his embryonic mind a dose of patriotism. Following in his ustad's footsteps his next dream is to own a truck by his extra savings---every time by overloading the already overloaded cargo of the day.
His ustad has categorically instructed him to maintain his truck's equilibrium by driving just on the middle of the road straddling the dividing white line, come what may---left-hand or right-hand driving is none of his business! A little deviation from the middle point of the highway for any allowance given to any passing vehicle, he has been repeatedly warned, will endanger his truck, imperil his new career and shatter his dreams because his hyper-overloaded truck---now precariously on a balance on the flat surface of a road---would invariably turn turtle if it has to veer onto the slightly-sloped sideways of the road or the highway. Colliding side-on or head-on with a tiny car, to him, is far safer than sacrificing the middle path thereby losing his job or his life.
Every single citizen of our country and every single individual of our police force know and see everyday that trucks with capacity of carrying 5 tons of cargo are regularly hauling 400 large-sized sacks (each to hold 2.5 maunds of rice) fully stuffed with paddy or rice which constitutes a truckload weighing 1000 maunds or 37 tons which is 7.5 times more than its optimum capacity, thanks to indigenous modifications doctored to its load bearing power by trebling or quadrupling the sets of leaf springs that are vital for balancing loads of a vehicle---a dangerous tempering to compromise with the original architectural and mechanical designs of the truck.
We don't know whether cracks developed on the Jamuna Bridge were caused by such overloaded hauling. Neither have we known how many thousands of lives or how much tons of money could have been saved if the regulatory or the law enforcement body could only resist their temptations of not paying any heed to those tempered leaf springs that are very much visible at the underneath of the chassis of a truck.
Thanks to my pretty long driving experience I can empathise with a driver steering his tiny 800 CC Suzuki car vis-à-vis with a trucker driving his gigantic TATA lorry on the same road or highway: both are drivers with equal rights under law; but with laxity of law enforcement in our country and complete absence of proper licensing, medical checkups, training and education of our drivers one finds himself as a sparrow and the other a sparrow hawk.
We humans differentiate ourselves as rational beings living in a civilized society compared to other animals roaming on the wild. Yes, it is true when we are rightly educated and trained under proper leadership. An uneducated or untrained driver steering his truck in an environment not controlled by strictures of law and order is far worse than a hyena in a jungle. Hyenas don't kill another hyena to quench their hunger; but we humans do indulge in homicide, fratricide, matricide, parricide or patricide even for fun if there is no one to look over our shoulders to stop the crime.
Speed has become the driving force in our lives. Everyone is in a hurry-to get to work, to unload a cargo, to get home, to drop off the kids, to pick them up, to get to the market. We must go ever faster, and we build our cars ever stronger to protect us in the reckless chase for money and status not knowing that the truck near our car is a time bomb ticking away as the metal liner of its CNG cylinder has already frayed out and is about to give way to a slight concussion.
Thousands of people in our country are falling prey everyday to our love for speed, shoddy brakes, adulterated lubricants, CNG gas cylinders made of fatigued metals, spurious replacements of vital parts, laxity of traffic law, faulty/no traffic signal and unbridled behaviour of unruly, untrained and drunken drivers driving defective and unscientifically modified vehicles on our dilapidated and poorly maintained roads and highways.
According to the Accident Research Centre (ARC) of BUET thirty-two people are killed everyday on the roads of our country and according to Red Cross & Red Crescent Society three thousand people (including 500 children) are killed everyday on the roads of the world. This amounts to 1.2 million deaths a year. In addition, more than 50 million people are seriously injured on roads every year; many are disabled for life.
World report of 2004 jointly published by World Bank and World Health Organization cried for taking immediate measures to check road crashes in poor countries as it predicted that fatalities on roads will fall by 20 percent in high-income economies like in USA and rise by 80 percent in low-income economies like in Bangladesh in the coming years, if we fail to follow what the developed countries are doing to reverse the trend of road mishaps.
Hundreds of road mishaps are not heard about even by local people of the area where the road crashes are taking place in our country. Only a very few are reported in the news media and fewer are recorded by the police or the statistician and no follow-up story of a handful of those reported crashes is ever published in any newspaper as to plights of the victims left in the lurch: their groans in hospitals or hunger of the children who became orphans. As if, victims dying of road crashes and mosquitoes getting asphyxiated by aerosol insect sprays are of the same gravity and of the same magnitude.
If traumas and tribulations of those crash victims were published in news media in serials the way a single mishap of Rimi murder case (thanks to Rimi's status of a daughter of a journalist as an additional weight) was highlighted in the press years back, perhaps there could have been an earthquake of public opinions to compel our government to right all the wrongs on the roads or the nerves of the reckless drivers could perhaps have been calmed enough not to fly their cars at supersonic speed or ram their trucks on the wrong sides of the roads or hurtle their buses onto the rail track when the speeding train is only a few yards away.
Next time when you are in a hurry to overtake a speeding truck, look out for the space on the right or on the left of the juggernaut and count moments begging the Providence for another chance to live a little more of life as you don't know when the mountain of its sky scraping load would tip on the roof of your car or when its CNG gas cylinder would detonate or when another truck or a bus or a train of the same status is to swoop on you!

(Maswood Alam Khan, General Manager, Bangladesh Krishi Bank The author may be reached at: maswoodalamkhan@gmail.com)


 Germany-Bangladesh Relations

Both Germany and Bangladesh share common views on various international issues and work together in the UN and in other international forum.

Khan Ferdousour Rahman

A
fter the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, Germany was one of the first European countries to officially recognize Bangladesh in 1972. Bangladesh also warmly greeted German reunification. As an economic power as well as an important member of the European Union (EU), Germany is a reliable partner of Bangladesh in development cooperation. Since independence German churches and numerous NGOs made tremendous efforts to promote the social and economic development of Bangladesh. German assistance to Bangladesh is received in the form of development efforts, trade and cultural cooperation. Both countries have a long and successful bilateral relationship on most international issues. Germany always emphasizes the democratic characteristics, governance issues and development process of Bangladesh.
Germany developed as a democratic country in deep remorse for World War II and became one of the top most economic powers of the world. After establishment of diplomatic relations, the bilateral relations between the two countries began to grow steadily. Between the start of development cooperation in 1972 and the end of 2005, Bangladesh received approximately € 2.3 billion in commitments from Germany as part of bilateral Financial and Technical Cooperation in addition of the funds provided by the German churches and NGOs. At an intergovernmental negotiation in 2005, Bangladesh received € 14 million in new commitments from Germany. Since 1978, all German funds provided as part of government level cooperation have been in the form of non-repayable grants.
Bangladesh is a priority partner country of German Development Cooperation (GTZ). By an agreement between both the government adopted in May 2004, the activities of the GTZ focus on three priority areas such as healthcare including family planning, economic reform and development of the market system through promotion of private sector, especially SMEs, and renewable energies. Among the other ongoing projects the promotion of legal and social empowerment of women in Bangladesh is also to be mentioned. The sustainable economic development program of GTZ in Bangladesh contributes to the competitiveness of the RMGs sector, as well as other export-oriented sectors like silk, leather and jute.
In trade with Germany, Bangladesh has for years recorded a large surplus. Germany is the second largest export market of Bangladesh after the US. Bangladesh exports in Germany in 2006 amounted to € 1.56 billion as compared with Bangladesh imports in the same period of only € 305 million. About 94% of the exports from Bangladesh to Germany are RMGs and Bangladesh imports mainly comprising machinery, chemical and electrical goods, and medicines. A German-Bangladeshi investment promotion and protection agreement has been in force since 1986 and a bilateral double taxation accord since 1993. So far German direct investments in Bangladesh are almost € 60 million. The Bangladesh-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BGCCI) acts as a business platform and mediator between both the countries and promotes bilateral trade relations by coordinating and providing required information and services.
The cultural relationship of both the countries is very strong. The cultural cooperation between them is mainly channeled through the Goethe Institute that work on developing the cultural ties between both the countries by sponsoring local and German cultural activities. Bangladesh has traditional and historical connection with Germany. There is a century-old exchange between German and Bengali people. German interest in the culture of Bengal dates back to the visits to Germany by the Bengali national poet and Nobel laureate for literature Rabindranath Tagore in the 1920s and 1930s. Many Bangladeshi intellectuals take a keen and informed interest in German literature, art, architecture and philosophy. In Bangladesh Goethe Institute is the main meeting place for all those interested in Germany. Goethe-Institute Dhaka with headquarters in Munich offers a broad variety of cultural events to present the German culture in Bangladesh through its main activities by film-workshops, film-presentations, seminars and lectures on socio-political subjects as well as on aspects on contemporary arts, theatre performances, and exhibitions of German and Bangladeshi artists. Environmental care and consequences of globalization are covered in the workshops and seminars. The Institute offers an extensive language course program up to intermediate level where about 600 students learn German in every year. There are around 350 academics received training in Germany with German funding; some of them now hold important positions in the administrative and academic institutions of Bangladesh. A foreign professional chair is sponsored by the Bangladeshi government at the University of Heidelberg's South Asia Institute.
Bangladesh has traditional and historical connection with Germany, and both the countries enjoy closest ties. There are increasing contracts amongst German and Bangladeshi artists, primarily in the fine arts, photography/film and theatre. Bangladeshi artists have been able to exhibit in German galleries and museums. A number of visual artists from Bangladesh have also made Germany their new home. Germany continues to promote the restoration of historical monuments, archeological research and the unique legacy of the Bengali catamarans. Since 1981, a cooperation agreement has been in place between Radio Bangladesh and Deutsche Welle (DW).
The bilateral commercial and trade interests of both the countries are continuing, although there is considerable scope for greater engagement. Bilateral relations got some momentum by several high level visits, contracts, and political and economic dialogue. In December 2000, the then head of the government of Bangladesh officially visited Germany. In February 2004, a German nine-member parliamentary delegation also visited Bangladesh.
Both Germany and Bangladesh share common views on various international issues and work together in the UN and in other international forum. They have maintained and developed close and friendly relations in a wide range of field. The two countries are harmonized together by their commitment to various sectors mutually agreed upon, which is expected to be strengthened further in future.

(The author is a freelance columnist. E-mail: ferdous3820@yahoo.co.uk)


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Viewpoints

Role of Media in Environmental Conservation

The media people have the comparative advantage in making people aware of the environmental pollution, protection and management.

Hasan Zahid

T
he task of environmental protection and management is so vast that no amount of effort and investment by environmental experts and planners can be expected to achieve very much without the involvement of the media in motivating large-scale participation of the people. Media is such a means of communication where general mass are directly contacted.
The sense that the world is in the middle of a continuing communications revolution has been strong since the 1960s when television made its great breakthrough. It was then that the Canadian writer on communications, Marshall McLuhan, made his memorable statements that "the medium is the message" and that the world was becoming a global village. It was then too that the word 'media' became part of daily speech, covering not only electronic media, live television, but older print media, particularly the press.
The media people have the comparative advantage in making people aware of the environmental pollution, protection and management. This is the age of Internet and the Website. Moreover, both the electronic and print media are expanding in even a poor country like ours. So journalists and media men have ample opportunities to make people aware of the present environmental challenges.
Even one and half decades ago, Bangladesh did not enter into the world of 'information society' and the private TV channels and Internet was not introduced widely. That time was the beginning of the access to some computer applications only. Especially in the 90s, the country started to join 'global village' through the Internet and the Website. But the environmental issues had got attention much earlier. Only some print media and the state television existed. The journalists of Bangladesh, especially the journalists of South Asia and the ESCAP region showed a positive response to the conservation of environment at that period. ESCAP published a handbook for journalists in the year 1988. The local newspapers highlighted environmental problems and published articles on environment. In the 90s Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh was formed. So, the media played a very significant role in environmental preservation and creating awareness. The observance of the World Environment Day, International Ozone Day, Earth Day and the like got proper attention of the mass media.
However, in the present context the extent of providing environmental news and reporting on environment, to some extent, has lowered down, in comparison to the number of newspapers and TV channels. One reason maybe the political instability and the other is that most of the private channels are commercial. But as a journalist or editor, one has to inform people about a certain environmental problem exclusively and has to present environmental trend, problem and management aspect, as a whole, as regular program. The print media, in this connection, is much more active than that of the electronic media. It is of crucial importance that public awareness be created as a prerequisite for changing people's attitudes and outlooks with regard to the environment and development.
The future of the Asian region sits as much on journalists' shoulders as it does on those of national leaders. A journalist's job is to inform and help to mould public opinion and see the real problem without being biased by any corner. Mostly poorer class, the children and the elderly people suffer from environmental health hazards in our country. The poor communities fall victim of any environmental disaster. The working class is devoid of basic amenities to support their livelihood as well as to protect their health. Therefore, a reporter or a journalist should see a problem from an investigative point of view and should clearly mention about who are the environmental criminals and who are the victims.
There are few more crucial subjects to inform the readers about than the many facts of environmental issues. This is the critical role a journalist plays in guarding the environmental commons for future generations.

(Hasan Zahid, Short story writer & essayist. Mailing address: 5A/14 Razia Sultana Road, Block D, Muhammadpur, Dhaka-1207. Cell:01819482852. Email: hasanzahid_bd @yahoo.com)


Shariah Law can be Modern

Maybe the UK should consult more with social workers in Pakistani and Bangladeshi cities who are also coping with urbanization from backward rural areas.

Dr Terry Lacey

The recent controversy in the United Kingdom when the Archbishop of Canterbury raised the possibility that some aspects of shariah law might be implemented in UK Muslim communities raised cultural and economic issues rather than simply religious questions. Shariah law is not always about backwardness, despite its image in the West. If shariah banking can be modernized, globalized and in management terms westernized in synergy with a liberal financial system, then why not other aspects of shariah law? Interpretation of shariah law is culturally contextualized in time and space, not universally fixed like concrete.
The liberal Islamic Indonesian scholar Zuhairi Misrawi argues that shariah law is a cultural product because it has been historically constructed and is attached to a specific territorial, geographical and socio political culture. [Jakarta Post 14.02.08]. Last year there were a series of seminars on shariah banking in Indonesia organized with the British Chamber of Commerce. Shariah banking can be very modern. It has Export Credits, Bonds, Mortgages, leasing and profit-sharing, and will doubtless devise environmental credits too. The profit and loss sharing aspect of shariah banking is the most innovative but the poor can normally only access fixed cost Islamic facilities more similar to Western interest. However Islamic profit & loss sharing instruments in Asia are surprisingly heavily used by non Muslims (in Malaysia).
The big issue in shariah banking policy is the gap between rich and poor. When a modern economically dynamic society like UK absorbs migrants from a culture of rural poverty, with tribal and feudal influences, then economics is driving social change. Shariah banking could make a greater contribution to resolving these problems by extending its more innovative profit sharing concepts to poorer people to reduce marginalization & promote social inclusion.
Maybe the UK should consult more with social workers in Pakistani and Bangladeshi cities who are also coping with urbanization from backward rural areas. The only way out of this will be economic and social change, in UK, and in countries of origin.
Shariah banking should offer part of the way forward without excluding other groups or religions. In Indonesia the trend is towards Islamic windows in conventional banks, based on consumer choice, not to an institutionally separatist Muslim banking system. If non Muslim Chinese business people in Malaysia or Indonesia want to use Islamic banking they are welcome to do so, it is open to everybody.
One way to mobilize Islamic banking to help the poor would be to promote more investment in what we might call social capital markets like water supply and power supply, especially New & Renewable Energy. The profit and loss instruments of Islamic finance are the right shape to finance these long term investments where poor people cannot afford the services at the start, but can afford to pay as incomes rise.
Some UK Muslim communities are already resolving family disputes voluntarily with shariah law. Of course all parties should also have the right of recourse to the jurisdiction of UK courts. However, such rights have to be taught, learned and upheld. Politicizing the debate on shariah law and confusing it with extreme criminal punishments which are not agreed with or practiced by most Muslims in the world does not help this process.
We should study the voluntary use of shariah law to resolve family disputes in UK, Canada and elsewhere, parallel to recourse to normal courts, to see if this helps resolve conflicts or hinders social changes. Most of the same people who react strongly about shariah law in the UK would not be so negative if the modernization of their factory or water supply was partly financed by an Islamic Financing Institution. Nor do they object to shariah law when they eat in a halal restaurant, while they are drinking their laager with their curry. If the Muslims who serve the laager can be broad minded, is it too much to ask of other people?

(Dr Terry Lacey. E-mail: terrylacey2003@ yahoo.co.uk. Address: Jl.Tebet Utara IV G No.8, Jakarta 12820. Ph.+ 62 021-8357320 / + 62 021-70992075; Fax. +62 021-8379 5878; Hp.00 62 816 1820 953)


Preventing future nuclear catastrophes

The most critical shortcoming of nuclear deterrence is that the threat of even overwhelming retaliation is not credible against extremist groups that cannot be located.

David krieger & stanley k. Sheinbaum

T
HROUGHOUT the Cold War, nuclear deterrence was at the heart of US nuclear policy. But deterrence has some important limitations that make it highly unreliable, particularly in a time of terrorism. The most critical shortcoming of nuclear deterrence is that the threat of even overwhelming retaliation is not credible against extremist groups that cannot be located.
Further, even a credible threat of nuclear retaliation would not be effective against an enemy that is suicidal. Simply put, an enemy that is not locatable or that is suicidal cannot be deterred, no matter how large a country's nuclear arsenal or how clear its threats of retaliation.
The decreasing value of deterrence in the post-Cold War period has been recognised by a bipartisan group of former high-level US officials, including former Secretaries of State Henry Kissinger and George Shultz, former Secretary of Defence William Perry, and former chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee Sam Nunn. They have argued in a seminal Wall Street Journal article that reliance on nuclear weapons for the purpose of deterrence "is becoming increasingly hazardous and decreasingly effective."
Going back to 1984, Ronald Reagan argued in his State of the Union Message, "A nuclear war can never be won, and must never be fought." Reagan concluded, "The only value in our two nations possessing nuclear weapons is to make sure they will never be used. But then would it not be better to do away with them entirely?"
The bottom line is: Nuclear weapons do not make us safer. US reliance on these weapons sets the standard for the world. Right now the US appears content to promote nuclear double standards, one standard for ourselves and our friends and another for our perceived enemies. For example, the US is seeking to bend the international non-proliferation rules for India, a country that has developed and tested nuclear weapons, while threatening to attack Iran for enriching uranium, which it claims is for nuclear energy development.
The problem is that double standards do not hold up - not with children and not with nations. So long as the US government continues to rely upon nuclear weapons for security, other nations will also do so, and eventually these weapons will further proliferate, end up in the hands of terrorists and be used with devastating consequences.
Some people believe that we must wait until nuclear weapons are used again before policy makers will realise the critical need to eliminate this danger. We disagree with this view. We believe that humans are capable of using their imaginations, foreseeing the likelihood of future nuclear weapons use in a world in which deterrence is not effective, and acting with determination to prevent such a catastrophe.
What should we do? First, the US must lead the way by working with Russia to reduce nuclear dangers and then convening the other nuclear weapons states for a common effort to eliminate all nuclear weapons. Such a plan is far more pragmatic than utopian. What is truly in the realm of fantasy is the belief that nuclear proliferation, nuclear terrorism and nuclear war can be prevented by continuing with business as usual.
Since US leadership is essential, the US needs either new nuclear policies or new leaders and most likely both. The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation has developed an Appeal to the Next President of the United States that calls for US leadership "in convening and leading the nations of the world" to take the following seven steps:
Remove all nuclear weapons from high-alert status;
Make legally binding commitments to No First Use of nuclear weapons;
Initiate a moratorium on research and development of new nuclear weapons;
Ratify and bring into force the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty;
Bring all weapons-grade nuclear material and the technologies to create such material under strict and effective international control;
Commence good faith negotiations on a treaty for the phased, verifiable and irreversible elimination of nuclear weapons; and
Reallocate resources from nuclear armaments to alleviating poverty, eliminating hunger and expanding educational opportunities.
Achieving these goals will not be easy, but they are essential. The Appeal has already been endorsed by the Dalai Lama, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and many other leading world citizens.
A world free of nuclear weapons is a goal that demands our high-priority commitment and our country's best efforts. Each of us on the planet shares in the responsibility to prevent future nuclear catastrophes. If we fail, the future will not be bright. If we succeed, we will leave the world a better place for our children and grandchildren.

Source:www.khaleejtimes.com


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International

Series of rockets or mortars hit US protected Green Zone in Baghdad

AP/UNB, Baghdad

A series of rockets or mortars were fired toward the U.S.-protected Green Zone early Saturday, a day after radical Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr ordered his Mahdi Army militia fighters to cease attacks for another six months. Nearly 10 blasts were heard in the sprawling area in central Baghdad starting about 6:15 a.m., and the U.S. public address system there warned people to "duck and cover" and to stay away from windows.
Maj. Brad Leighton, a U.S. military spokesman, confirmed the Green Zone was hit by indirect fire, its term for a rocket or mortar attack but could not immediately provide more details. The 10-square-kilometer (4-square-mile) area on the west bank of the Tigris River houses the U.S. and British embassies, the Iraqi government headquarters and thousands of American troops on the west bank of the Tigris River.
It has been frequently struck by rockets and mortar rounds, but the attacks have tapered off amid stepped up security measures and a lull of violence in the capital and surrounding areas. Often, the rounds landed in open fields - part of a system of parks that former leader Saddam Hussein built when the area served as the headquarters of his regime.
But they have proven deadly. On July 10, extremists unleashed a barrage of more than a dozen mortars or rockets into the Green Zone, killing at least three people - including an American - and wounding 18.
The U.S. military blamed Iranian-backed Shiite militias for a series of deadly rocket attacks in Baghdad earlier this week, including one against U.S. outposts in Baghdad that wounded three American soldiers.
Another struck Camp Victory, the main U.S. military headquarters, and an Iraqi housing complex on the capital's southwestern outskirts on Monday, killing at least five people and wounding 16, including two U.S. soldiers.
The military said the extremists were among factions that have broke with al-Sadr and refused to follow his cease-fire order. Al-Sadr announced Friday that he has extended the six-month order through mid-August and the U.S. military welcomed the announcement. The cease-fire, along with an increase in U.S. troop levels and a move by American-backed Sunni fighters to turn against their former al-Qaida in Iraq allies, the cease-fire has been credited with reducing war deaths among Iraqis by nearly 70 percent in six months, according to figures compiled by The Associated Press.
Meanwhile, Iraq's Prime Minister Nuri Al-Maliki on Friday urged his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan to respect Iraqi sovereignty as Ankara's troops entered northern Iraq to hunt separatist Kurds.
Maliki reminded Erodgan in a telephone call of "the need to respect Iraq sovereign authority," according to Maliki spokesman Ali Al-Dabbagh.
He also noted, however, that the Iraqi government "supports Turkish security and safety, and acknowledges that the PKK is a threat to Turkey and its border areas".
 


Pakistani cartoon protesters burn Danish, US flags
AFP, Karachi

Supporters of a hardline Islamic party burned US and Danish flags in this southern Pakistani city Friday in fresh protests against a cartoon of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) reprinted in Danish newspapers.
Witnesses said about 150 supporters of fundamentalist party Jamaat-i-Islami gathered outside a mosque in the port city, flying banners demanding Pakistan sever diplomatic ties with Denmark.
"We don't need to have diplomatic relations with a country that hurts our religious sentiments," the banners read, as demonstrators chanted: "Death to the cartoonist."
Crowds also gathered in the capital Islamabad, burning effigies representing the cartoonist.
Pakistan on Tuesday summoned the Danish envoy in Islamabad to lodge a "strong protest" over republication of the cartoons.
To Muslims, the drawings are blasphemous since Islam prohibits any images of the prophet.
The pictures originally appeared in September 2005, sparking anger and protests across the Muslim world.


Iran hails UN nuclear report as a ‘success’
AFP, Tehran

Iran on Thursday hailed the latest UN nuclear watchdog report into its atomic programme as a "success," saying it proved that Western accusations that it wanted nuclear weapons were baseless.
"The report published today is new proof of the legitimacy of the position of the Islamic republic and the reality of the declarations by Iran," top nuclear negotiator Saeed Jalili told a news conference in Tehran.
"This shows that the accusations that others have made are false. I congratulate the Iranian people for this success which is due to their resistance," he added.
Jalili said that the report showed that all remaining areas of ambiguity over past nuclear activities it had been discussing with the Vienna-based watchdog have now been cleared.
"Now those who were looking for pretexts have nothing to talk about," he commented.
In its latest report on the Iranian nuclear programme, the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said it had received more information from Tehran but complained that this was not complete. It said it was still not in a position to determine the "full nature of Iran's nuclear programme" which the West fears could be used to make nuclear weapons.
The United States was quick to react, expressing both